Air Quality Monitoring and Techniques
The important sources of air pollution can be identified with the installation of ambient air quality monitoring station. The sampling with monitoring station can provide current status of air quality of that particular area. This chapter describes the di
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Air Quality Monitoring and Techniques R. Ravi Krishna, S. M. Shiva Nagendra, Saraswati, and M. Diya
2.1 Air Quality Monitoring The information on air quality of an area could be provided by air quality monitoring. The existing policies and their implementation could also be evaluated by monitoring of air quality. The planning, design and the establishment of monitoring network for fulfilling air quality objectives is one of the important components of any air quality monitoring programme (Sivertsen 2008). The air quality monitoring network has been designed primarily to ensure effective regulatory compliance in most of the developing countries. The 600 monitoring stations are present throughout in different cities, towns, states and union territories for establishing national ambient air quality monitoring (NAAQM) network in India. Additionally, CPCB (2014) recorded own monitoring station operated by state pollution control boards. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, also started monitoring of criteria air pollutants over Delhi recently with the direction of Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India (IITM 2014).
R. Ravi Krishna (B) Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India e-mail: [email protected] S. M. Shiva Nagendra · Saraswati · M. Diya Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 S. M. Shiva Nagendra et al. (eds.), Urban Air Quality Monitoring, Modelling and Human Exposure Assessment, Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5511-4_2
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2.2 Design of Air Quality Monitoring Network Design of ambient air quality monitoring station acts as the preliminary step in identifying the sources and the solutions for critical air pollution. Indian Standard (IS) 2000 Part 14 indicates that sampling of atmosphere helps us to determine the current status of air quality; to assess the potential health effects and other damages to the property; to develop and validate air pollution models; to reduce the pollution levels from the key contributors; and to forecast air quality for the people, so that precautionary steps could be taken before the severe impacts on health of human. The air pollutants measurement of the ambient surrounding can be accomplished with a variety of objectives which define the scope, methodology and analysis of the data collected. One of the most commonly used methods to collect air pollutant is the time-averaged method using a high or low volume sampler. Time-averaged measurements are useful in evaluating general trends in ambient air quality in a given region or a season and for comparing trends between regions. Lower timescale measurements are useful in evaluating specific events in an environment. To accomplish this, there are other instruments that use indirect methods to estimate particulate and gaseous
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