Airbnb and Overtourism: An Approach to a Social Sustainable Model Using Big Data
Tourism has been proved an important driving force for economic growth and development. Despite that, the overtourism phenomenon, hand in hand with the sharing economy, has been proved to affect destinations in multiple ways, tourism rejection or the risi
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Airbnb and Overtourism: An Approach to a Social Sustainable Model Using Big Data María Jesús Such-Devesa, Ana Ramón-Rodríguez, Patricia Aranda-Cuéllar, and Adrián Cabrera Abstract Tourism has been proved an important driving force for economic growth and development. Despite that, the overtourism phenomenon, hand in hand with the sharing economy, has been proved to affect destinations in multiple ways, tourism rejection or the rising of the housing prices, among others. Over the last decade and mainly since United Nations 2030 Agenda was announced, the sustainability of the cities has become an explicit global objective of development. Tourism has been understood as a tool for improving economic and social aspects in contexts of countries in development, but the phenomenon of tourism saturation and concentration around few neighbourhoods in solid destinations from developed economies could be distancing this achievement from the cities. This chapter presents a comparative analysis between two of the top urban Spanish destinations, Madrid and Barcelona, showing the current reality between tourism, real estate prices and mean household income in a neighbourhood-level approach. Does overtourism help destinations in the goal of reaching regional convergence in terms of urban sustainability or does it worsen the situation? Keywords Overtourism · Social sustainability · Airbnb · Big data · SDG 11 · Spain
M. J. Such-Devesa (B) · P. Aranda-Cuéllar · A. Cabrera Faculty of Economics, Business, and Tourism, Department of Economics, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain e-mail: [email protected] P. Aranda-Cuéllar e-mail: [email protected] A. Cabrera e-mail: [email protected] A. Ramón-Rodríguez Department of Applied Economic Analysis, University of Alicante Spain, Alicante, Spain e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 D. Balsalobre-Lorente et al. (eds.), Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59675-0_12
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12.1 Introduction The tourism sector has experienced accelerated changes in recent years due to its spreading across several social groups and the addition of other countries into the collective worldview. In 2019, worldwide tourists totalled 1.5 billion, according to UNWTO (2020), representing a 4% increase on the previous year, maintaining the trend of the previous years. This rapid growth has led to multiple and complex challenges, including the arising of the sharing economy and its impact on the residents’ quality of life and perception of overtourism in the destinations (Huete and Mantecón 2018; Koens et al. 2018; Milano 2018; Oklevik et al. 2019). According to Milano et al. (2019), overtourism has its emergence in the quick development of unsustainable mass tourism practices that have had their impact on the detrimental exploitation of urban, rural and coastal areas for tourism purposes. Nonetheless, overtourism is also related to the tourist overcrowding exp
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