AirCargoChain: A Distributed and Scalable Data Sharing Approach of Blockchain for Air Cargo
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AirCargoChain: A Distributed and Scalable Data Sharing Approach of Blockchain for Air Cargo Gejun Le · Qifeng Gu · Qiang Qu · Qingshan Jiang · Jianping Fan
Received: 5 August 2019 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Air cargo involves large-scale data and multiple stakeholders, i.e., airports, airlines, agents, and clients. How to enable stakeholders to share data in a secure way is essential, since it improves efficiency for various processes among stakeholders. This paper proposes AIRCARGOCHAIN, a blockchain-based data sharing approach for air cargo, which has the following advantages: (a) secure: we propose a blockchainbased cooperative network architecture, Cooperative Network (CN), to allow mutually distrusted stakeholders to manage data collaboratively. (b) scalable: we design a storage scheme, Off-Chain Storage (OCS),
based on IPFS to support large-scale data storage; (c) user-friendly: we provide effective communication mechanism and convenient contract name service in Node Communication (NC) and Contract Management (CM), respectively. A comprehensive evaluation offers insight into the applicability and effectiveness of AIRCARGOCHAIN. Keywords Blockchain · Smart contract · Data sharing · Air cargo
1 Introduction G. Le Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China G. Le · J. Fan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China Q. Gu School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100867, China Q. Qu () Guangdong Provincial R&D Center for Blockchain, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China e-mail: [email protected] Q. Jiang Shenzhen Key Laboratory for High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
Air cargo involves multiple distributed stakeholders and goods, which requires efficient data sharing to improve business process, e.g. freight checking. In freight transport, stakeholders need to check freight according to waybills that contain large-scale sensitive data, such as identity information, address, and telephone. Secure data sharing among multi-stakeholders is important, since it accelerates business process. But the multiple challenges are still existing: (a) for stakeholders, they have to perform freight checking in information asymmetry, which leads to low efficiency; (b) for sensitive data, the privacy preservation of data decides we cannot use central information system to manage data simply; (c) for storage, ever increasing volumes of data demand a scalable solution. Blockchain technology is initially used in financial sector [1]. In recent years, blockchain has found
G. Le et al.
applications in a variety of other non-financial fields [2–4] as it is a peer-to-peer network that enables mutual distrusting nodes to maintain a distributed, consistent, and tamper-proof ledger collaboratively. However, using blockchain
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