Airway obstruction as the primary manifestation of infantile thyroid hemangioma
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CASE REPORT
Open Access
Airway obstruction as the primary manifestation of infantile thyroid hemangioma Yujian Liang1†, Ronghui Pu1†, Xueqiong Huang1, Suping Li1, Yingqian Chen2 and Wen Tang1*
Abstract Background: Thyroid hemangioma mostly occurs in adults and is extremely rare in infants. So far, only four pediatric cases of thyroid hemangioma have been reported, one of which has only been clinically diagnosed. Most of the reported cases are of cavernous hemangiomas; capillary hemangioma cases are very rare. To date, there are no reports on capillary thyroid hemangioma in an infant. Therefore, here we present the case of an infant with a primary capillary hemangioma of the thyroid gland, and discuss its treatment and follow-up. Case presentation: A2-month-old infant with normal thyroid function presented with airway obstruction as the primary manifestation of thyroid hemangioma. The main symptoms were laryngeal wheezing and dyspnea. Ultrasonography revealed hypoechoic lesions at the lower pole of the bilateral thyroid. Computed tomography revealed enlargement of the thyroid gland, inhomogeneous parenchyma enhancement, and multiple thyroid nodules. However, these imaging modalities were unable to provide an exact diagnosis and the nature of the mass remained unknown prior to an operation. Therefore, a postoperative histopathological examination was undertaken, which revealed capillary thyroid hemangioma. The symptoms significantly improved by a combined treatment involving surgery and oral propranolol. Conclusion: When a well-defined capsulate mass is detected on the medical image, the possibility of primary thyroid hemangioma must be considered. Keywords: Airway obstruction, Capillary, Infantile, Case report, Thyroid hemangioma
Background Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors in infants and young children, with an incidence of 4–5% [1]. While they can occur in any part of the body, they are more common in the skin and the subcutaneous tissues and are also observed in deep tissues such as the viscera, bones, muscles, etc. However, hemangiomas in the thyroid are rare. Because these tumors lack characteristic clinical manifestations and imaging signs, they * Correspondence: [email protected] † Yujian Liang and Ronghui Pu are co-first authors. 1 Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
are frequently misdiagnosed. In almost all patients, the diagnosis depends upon a postoperative histopathological examination [2]. Presently, cavernous hemangiomas are the most commonly reported, while capillary hemangioma cases are very rare. Here, we present the case of an infant with primary capillary hemangioma of the thyroid gland, and discuss its differential diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. This case report was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. Her parents provided written informed consent to publication of this repo
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