Aligned Ni nanowires towards highly stretchable electrode
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igned Ni nanowires towards highly stretchable electrode *
LI JiDong , NIU JiYuan, LI XueMei, ZHOU JianXin, HU ZhiLi & GUO WanLin
*
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of DoE, Institute of Nano Science of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China Received December 18, 2019; accepted April 8, 2020; published online May 29, 2020
Easy fabrication of super-stretchable electrodes can pave the way for smart and wearable electronics. Using drop casting unidirectional nickel nanowires with polyurethane matrix, we fabricated a super-stretchable film with high electric conductivity. The as-fabricated film can withstand a 300% tensile strain in the direction perpendicular to nanowires, owing to the transformation of percolating nanowire network from 2D to 3D. In contrast to the decreased film conductivities under large tension in most stretchable electrodes, which usually associate with fractures and irreversible deformations, our film conductivity can increase with the applied strain. This probably benefits from the enhanced electrical contacts between twisted nanowires under tension. The developed super-stretchable film with unprecedented behavior in this work sheds light on the facile fabrication of super-stretchable electrodes with durable performance. nickel nanowire, stretchable electrode, polyurethane matrix, three-dimensional network, alignment Citation:
Li J D, Niu J Y, Li X M, et al. Aligned Ni nanowires towards highly stretchable electrode. Sci China Tech Sci, 2020, 63, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11431-019-1591-7
1 Introduction Flexible and stretchable devices have attracted extensive interest due to the expanding demands for wearable electronics, artificial skin and muscles [1–5]. Inevitably, reliable electrodes that can retain good conductivity during stretching are highly desired to effectively power or electrically interconnect the systems [6,7]. There are two prominent strategies to achieve stretchable electrodes: conductive elastomers and conductive structures that can stretch. Regarding the former strategy, it has been well known for decades to give rubber conductivity by filling and dispersing carbon black [8,9]. Similar doping method has been extensively used to acquire intrinsically conductive elastomers. However, they probably suffer from considerable resistance change and poor conductivity during stretching, which limit their application as electrodes [10– 12]. *Corresponding authors (email: [email protected]; [email protected])
As to the conductive structure strategy, it integrates recoverable elastomers with highly conductive film or wires that are delicately designed into stretchable structures. Wavy geometry, coiled spring, buckling and serpentine configuration have been developed for metal film to stretch [13–17]. In spite of good conductivity, they commonly fail under very large strains over 100% due to the rigidity of the metal film. Combining robust structures with
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