Alignment and disruption robust binary mapper for optical Braille recognition
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Alignment and disruption robust binary mapper for optical Braille recognition Kapil Juneja1,2
•
Chhavi Rana1
Received: 29 May 2017 / Accepted: 11 December 2017 Ó Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Computer Applications and Management 2017
Abstract Braille is the system invented for visually impaired peoples to capable them for written communication. The basic constructs of each natural language can be transited to corresponding Braille characters. Optical Braille recognition system is capable to read the Braille pattern images and convert it to corresponding language text. The images captures from portable camera devices and scanners are generally geometrically and visually disturbed images. In this paper, a disruption robust model is presented to improve the scope and accuracy of Braille character recognition system. The proposed framework improved the image visibility using SD adaptive filter and used the polar cosine transformation to resolve geometric misalignment. Later on grid mapper and binary encoder are applied on emboss enhanced character image for transforming it to binary coded array. Finally, the peered map on this binary character is implied to recognize the corresponding language text. The proposed framework is implemented on three different sample sets of Braille character and document images collected randomly from the web. The comparative evaluation against PCA (principal component analysis) and LDA (linear discriminant analysis) method shows that the proposed model significantly improved the accuracy of Braille character and document recognition. Keywords Braille recognition Noise reduction Alignment Mathematical filter & Kapil Juneja [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
2
307, Sector 14, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
1 Introduction Visually impaired people use the Braille [1, 2] language for written communication. Braille was invented by Louis Braille in 1800 to empower the blind people to read and write books, letters and documents. In the traditional form of this language, 6 dots in 3 rows and 2 columns are used in different combinations to represent 26 alphabets uniquely shown in Fig. 1a. Later on various transcripts are also defined by various authors to map the Baillie to other languages like Spanish, German, and Italian etc. The character based Braille is referred as ‘‘grade 1’’ which occupy large space on pages and slow down the writing speed. To overcome these deficiencies, ‘‘grade 2’’ Braille [1–3] is defined to represent the ‘‘dotted characters’’ for words or group of characters shown in Fig. 1b. In more advanced form, ‘‘grade 3’’ Braille reflects the shorthand to provide symbolic form for larger words. But this type of Braille is not in common use. Braille can be written on embossed paper either manually or optically. The embossed paper, presents the dot pattern as raised symbols which can be recognized by touch sense. To write Braille manually
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