Allergic Contact Dermatitis of the Face: a Review of the Common Agents Involved and Differential Diagnosis
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Contact Dermatitis (A Gimenez-Arnau, Section Editor)
Allergic Contact Dermatitis of the Face: a Review of the Common Agents Involved and Differential Diagnosis Eduardo Rozas-Muñoz, MD1,* Denise Game, MD2 Address *,1 Department of Dermatology, Hospital de San Pablo, Avenida Videla S/N, 1780000, Coquimbo, Chile Email: [email protected] 2 Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
* Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Contact Dermatitis
Keywords Allergic contact dermatitis I Differential diagnosis I Face I Eyelids
Abstract Purpose of review Allergic contact dermatitis is a common form of type IV hypersensitivity reaction in response to exogenous agents directly or indirectly applied to the skin. Although any part of the body may be affected, the face’s frequent exposition to environment, and consumer products, makes it one of the most commonly affected sites by the disease. Recent findings As the consumer products are increasing worldwide, the list of potential allergens that may induce an allergic contact dermatitis of the face continues to grow. A correct diagnosis, and identification of the involved allergens, requires a careful interpretation of the clinical manifestations and patch test results (clinical relevance). It is therefore very important for the clinician to recognize the most common clinical manifestations and involved allergens of allergic contact dermatitis of the face to allow a correct diagnosis. Summary In this chapter, we review the main current allergens, clinical presentations, and differential diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis affecting the face.
Contact Dermatitis (A Gimenez-Arnau, Section Editor)
Introduction The face is one of the most frequently affected sites by allergic contact dermatitis, especially in women. Its frequent exposition to environment, low epidermal thickness, and presence of folds and wrinkles increase allergen exposure, predisposing to sensitization and development of allergic contact dermatitis. Allergens can reach the face not only by direct exposure but also by airborne or indirectly, such as by scalpapplied products or by contact with the hands. Allergic contact dermatitis is usually manifested by pruritic erythematous plaques with varying degrees of
vesiculation and lichenification, symptoms that can also be present in other cutaneous processes that frequently affect the face. Subtle clinical clues can help the clinician in the differential diagnosis. In this chapter, we will review the main allergens, clinical presentations, and differential diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis affecting the face. In addition, allergic contact dermatitis of the eyelids will be discussed with more detail.
Allergens and clinical presentation of allergic contact dermatitis of the face The list of potential allergens that may produce an allergic contact dermatitis of the face is extensive and is summarized in Table 1. According to the type o
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