Alleviating negative effects of salinity stress in summer savory ( Satureja hortensi s L.) by biochar application
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Alleviating negative effects of salinity stress in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) by biochar application Leila Mehdizadeh1 · Mohammad Moghaddam1 · Amir Lakzian2 Received: 29 June 2018 / Revised: 7 May 2019 / Accepted: 9 May 2019 / Published online: 16 May 2019 © Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 2019
Abstract One of the most important stresses imperiling plant production in arid and semi-arid areas is salinity. By slow pyrolysis, a solid organic material, which is called biochar (BC), has been produced from waste organic substances. In this research, a pot factorial arrangement on the basis of randomized complete design was accomplished to evaluate the influence of BC on some physiological traits and growth at two different growth stages of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) under salinity stress. The treatments were included of three levels of BC (0, 1 and 2% w/w in the soil) and four salinity levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM of NaCl) with four replications. According to the findings, application of BC, especially at 2% w/w in the soil under salinity stress, reduced electrolyte leakage (EL) and antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities and MDA content at vegetative and flowering stages. On the other side, the highest amounts of biomass and water content were observed when using BC 2% w/w of soil without salinity stress. The results confirmed that BC usage can contribute to the protection of the summer savory against salinity stress by alleviating the oxidative stress. Keywords Salt stress · Protein · Antioxidant enzyme activities · Electrolyte leakage Abbreviations APOX Ascorbate peroxidase BC Biochar CAT Catalase EL Electrolyte leakage GPX Guaiacol peroxidase LPO Lipid peroxidation MDA Malondialdehyde POD Peroxidase ROS Reactive oxygen species SOD Superoxide dismutase
Communicated by R. Baczek-Kwinta. * Mohammad Moghaddam [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775‑1163, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Introduction The most important environmental limitation for plant production in arid and semi-arid area in the world is salinity (Haddadi et al. 2016). Salinity-induced land reduction is an important subject in Iran. The serious difficulty of saltinfluenced soils in the irrigated regions is exposing to various levels of salinity (Cheraghi 2004). Saline soils occupy about 7% of the earth’s land surface and enhanced serious salinization of more than 50% of arable lands by the middle of the twenty-first century (Wang et al. 2003). Nowadays more than 1.5 bilion hectars of planted area around the world (about 77 million hectars (5%) are affected by extra salt content (Sheng et al. 2008). Among the plant species, there are different to
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