Alpha-Linolenic Acid Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Alpha-Linolenic Acid Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice Jeongtae Kim,1,2 Meejung Ahn,1,3 Yuna Choi,1 Taeyoung Kang,1 Jungeun Kim,4 Nam Ho Lee,4 Gi Ok Kim,5 and Taekyun Shin 1,6
Abstract—Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by
inflammation of the large intestine, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain. It can be alleviated by certain bioactive compounds, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), which is a bioactive component in fermented black radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger). The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ALA in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)induced UC in mice. UC was induced in C57BL/6 mice by allowing them to freely drink water containing 2.5% DSS for 7 days, followed by oral administration of ALA (30 and 60 mg/kg/day) or vehicle control for 7 days. DSS-induced colitis was evaluated using the Disease Activity Index (DAI) and by measuring colon length and performing a histopathological examination. Compared to the control group, the vehicle-treated group showed a higher DAI score, shorter colon, goblet cell loss, and crypt shortening. The ALA treatment mitigated clinical signs of UC and histopathological changes. Furthermore, it mitigated intestinal inflammation by reducing the expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1-positive macrophages in the colon. These results show that ALA alleviates DSS-induced UC by suppressing colon damage, which includes goblet cell loss, crypt shortening, and a reduction of macrophages in the colon. KEY WORDS: alpha-linolenic acid; colitis; dextran sulfate sodium; fermented black radish; inflammatory bowel disease; macrophages.
Jeongtae Kim and Meejung Ahn contributed equally to this work.
INTRODUCTION
1
College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, Republic of Korea 4 Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea 5 Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seowipo city, Jeju, 63608, Republic of Korea 6 To whom correspondence should be addressed at College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]
Inflammatory bowel disease, which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic idiopathic disorder, the prevalence and incidence rates of which are increasing worldwide [16]. UC is characterized by inflammation of the large intestine, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain [19]. While the prevalence and incidence rates of UC are highest in westernized countries in northern Europe and North America, they have recently increased dramatically in Asian and Hispanic populations [9]
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