Amelioration of motor and non-motor deficits and increased striatal APoE levels highlight the beneficial role of pistach
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Amelioration of motor and non-motor deficits and increased striatal APoE levels highlight the beneficial role of pistachio supplementation in rotenone-induced rat model of PD Saida Haider 1 & Syeda Madiha 1 & Zehra Batool 2 Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 1 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pistachio contains polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids and anthocyanins which have antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity. Present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of pistachio on neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in rats with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Animal model of PD was induced by the injection of rotenone (1.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 8 days. Pistachio (800 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given for two weeks in both pre- and post-treatment. At the end of treatment brain was dissected out and striatum was isolated for biochemical and neurochemical analysis. Memory was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) test while open field test (OFT), Kondziela inverted screen test (KIST), pole test (PT), beam walking test (BWT), inclined plane test (IPT) and footprint (FP) test were used to observe motor behavior. Rotenone administration significantly (p < 0.01) impaired the memory but pistachio in both pre- and posttreatment groups significantly (p < 0.01) improved memory performance. Rotenone-induced motor deficits were significantly attenuated in both pre- and post-pistachio treatment. Increased oxidative stress and decreased DA and 5-HT levels induced by rotenone were also significantly attenuated by pistachio supplementation. Furthermore, raised apolipoprotein E (APoE) levels in rotenone injected rats were also normalized following treatment with pistachio. Present findings show that pistachio possesses neuroprotective effects and improves memory and motor deficits via increasing DA levels and improving oxidative status in brain. Keywords Oxidative stress . Parkinson’s disease . Pistachio . Rotenone
Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an incapacitating, progressive, common and age-related neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by progressive loss of muscles. The incidence of PD increases with the age affecting more than 10 million people globally (Srivastav et al. 2017). Tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia and impaired balance are characteristic features of PD * Saida Haider [email protected] 1
Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan
2
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
(Betarbet et al. 2000). Cognitive impairments and psychiatric disturbances are also common in PD. Disabling symptoms in PD are mainly due to a drastic deficit in striatal dopamine (DA) levels, resulting from degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) (Betar
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