America's Wars on Democracy in Rwanda and the DR Congo
This book examines US interventions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda -- two countries whose post-independence histories are inseparable. It analyzes the US campaigns to prevent Patrice Lumumba from turning the DR Congo into a s
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America’s Wars on Democracy in Rwanda and the DR Congo
Justin Podur
America’s Wars on Democracy in Rwanda and the DR Congo
Justin Podur York University Toronto, ON, Canada
ISBN 978-3-030-44698-7 ISBN 978-3-030-44699-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44699-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Contents
1
Introduction: I Am Not an Africanist 1
2
The Politician’s Words Against the Empire’s Weapons 29
3
Sow Doubt, Aestheticize, Essentialize: How to Write About African Leaders 47
4
Killing Hope in the Congo 59
5
The Agency’s Kingmaker 81
6
The Revolutionary and the White Supremacist 97
7
The Tyrant Subcontractors: America’s Chosen African Dictators, 1965–1990 115
8
Economic Poison: Western Economic Medicine Before the Rwanda Genocide and Congo Wars of the 1990s 147
9
The Peacekeeper and the Warlord 167
10 Good and Evil: How Africanists Present Hutus as Deserving of Death 207 v
vi
CONTENTS
11 The Infrastructure of Judgment and Denial 231 12 The State Kagame Built 257 13 Stories From the African Mind 285 14 The Front Men and the Refugees: The Congo War 1996–1997 297 15 The Nuance to Protect an Empire 321 16 The Warlord’s Aide and the Broken Alliance: The 1998–2003 Congo War 349 17 Conclusion: The Empire’s System for Central Africa 375 Bibliography 385 Index 393
CHAPTER 1
Introduction: I Am Not an Africanist
Independence Day, 2020. Picture the scene. It’s June 30, 2020, sixty years since the Democratic Republic of the Congo became independent of Belgium. At a stadium in Kinshasa, the country
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