Amine modifications of polypropylene films by gamma radiation to be applied in cell cultures
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Research Letter
Amine modifications of polypropylene films by gamma radiation to be applied in cell cultures M. Pérez-Calixto, Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico L. Huerta, Departamento de materiales de baja dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-360, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico G. Burillo, Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico Address all correspondence to G. Burillo at [email protected] (Received 29 July 2019; accepted 13 September 2019)
Abstract Development of biomaterials with primary amine surfaces is very important for the study of some cells of the immune systemuch as macrophages. Currently, the modification can be carried out by physical or chemical methods with several disadvantages due to the presence of additives or subproducts in the system. To overcome this problem, modified polypropylene (PP) films were synthesized by gamma radiation. In this work, radiation grafting of acryloyl chloride onto PP has been employed to form an acyl chloride. Then, the radiation-grafted films were reacted with ethylenediamine in several solvents to obtain the different concentration of the primary amine. The surface amine concentration was determined by derivatization with 4-trifluoromethyl benzaldehyde and characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (N/C ratios), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection, contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and elementary analysis. The stability of the amines was measured up to 90 days, without the occurrence of aging as was found by plasma modification.
Introduction Even though many of the tissues and organs have the capacity to self-repair, sometimes injuries exceed their capacity. Hence, the field of tissue engineering has emerged in order to repair the damage or replace missing tissues. Some of those materials used for this purpose are named biomaterials due to their ability to interact with biological systems. They are usually employed in medical applications to enhance or replace a natural function. The success of the biomaterials depends on different factors that affect the response of the surface of the material to the surrounding environment. In recent years, numerous investigations have been performed to modify surfaces for promoting cell adhesion and proliferation to maintain cellular functions, including adhesion, spreading, migration, and differentiation.[1–5] It is well known that most cells cannot adhere to hydrophobic surfaces; however, modified hydrophobic surfaces facilitate their adhesion, especially those rich in nitrogen. There has been a substantial research effort regarding the influence of several functional groups on cell functions.[1,3,5–9] It ha
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