An Algorithm for Optimal Placement of Voltage Sag Monitors
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An Algorithm for Optimal Placement of Voltage Sag Monitors Caio Marco dos Santos Junqueira1 · Núbia Silva Dantas Brito1 · Benemar Alencar de Souza1 · Rodrigo de Almeida Coelho1 · Érica Mangueira Lima1 Received: 26 April 2018 / Revised: 9 January 2019 / Accepted: 14 January 2019 / Published online: 25 January 2019 © Brazilian Society for Automatics–SBA 2019
Abstract Voltage sags are disturbances that deserve special attention in power quality (PQ) area, given its frequent occurrences. Their constant monitoring is, therefore, essential to diagnose its causes and mitigate economic losses of electric utility customers. However, the cost of a monitoring system may be excessive if not evaluated strategically. In this context, this work presents an algorithm for the installation of PQ monitors at strategic points of electric power distribution systems in order to diagnose voltage sags. Observability area concept and binary particle swarm optimization method were used to evaluate the problem. A sensitivity analysis was also performed, in which the influence of several parameters, such as fault resistance, system loading, detection threshold, fault type, and system expansion, was evaluated. The algorithm was validated in a Brazilian distribution system and in IEEE 34-bus system. The results indicated that the algorithm was able to detect voltage sags throughout the system using monitors at few buses, reducing the cost of the monitoring system. Keywords Power quality · Voltage sags · Observability · Binary particle swarm optimization · Sensitivity analysis
1 Introduction The continuous increase in demand for electricity and in exigency of consumers for a better quality product has required investments in electrical power system improvement and research, particularly in power quality (PQ) area disturbances. According to Dugan et al. (2004), a PQ problem is defined as any problem in voltage, current or frequency variation that results in failure or misoperation of customer equipment. Among the PQ disturbances found in power systems, voltage sags are one of the most noticeable by cus-
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Caio Marco dos Santos Junqueira [email protected] Núbia Silva Dantas Brito [email protected] Benemar Alencar de Souza [email protected] Rodrigo de Almeida Coelho [email protected] Érica Mangueira Lima [email protected]
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Power Systems Laboratory (LSP), Department of Electric Engineering (DEE), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), St. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Campina Grande, SP 58429 900, Brazil
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tomers (Mali et al. 2015) and their occurrence can trigger the protection devices, leading to shutdown of processes and equipment life cycle reduction. Therefore, the study of monitoring this phenomenon is a current and important topic for the state of the art. In the context of PQ, the ideal monitoring would be the installation of equipment at all buses, but this approach is not economically feasible. Therefore, the use of techniques that minimize the number of monitors is crucial, since they can reduce th
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