An Analysis for Management of End-of-Life Solar PV in India
Climate change and depleting energy resources have led the world to adopt new energy resources. Over the years, renewable energy sources and the associated technologies have witnessed giant progress towards sustainable development. Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
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1 Introduction Solar photovoltaic (PV) industry has experienced a major boost across the world. Ever since the oil crisis, researches have increased so as to shift our energy production from conventional sources to renewable sources. For a better and sustainable future, many countries including India are setting goals for increasing the share of renewables in their electricity production. Thus, solar PV has found a place of importance along with many other renewable technologies. Solar PV has great potential in the years to come and will remain as one of the reliable technologies. It will contribute to global electricity production of 5% by 2030 and 11% by 2050 by abating 2.3 Gigatons (Gt) of Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions per year [1]. Crystalline silicon has a major share which constitutes 90% of the total production in PV, of which monocrystalline cell has a share of 38% and polycrystalline cell has a share of 62% [2]. A silicon solar cell contains silicon which is the main constituent and also the second most abundant element on the earth. Even after other types of solar cells being commercially available, silicon solar cells will still have a share of 44.8% by 2030 [3]. Major solar PV installations in India are of silicon-based technology, so management of End-of-Life (EoL) PV waste for silicon solar panels should be fostered. Manufacturing of a solar
S. Pankadan (B) · S. Nikam Student, M.Tech (Renewable Energy Engineering and Management), TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Nikam e-mail: [email protected] N. Anwer Associate Professor, Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 M. Bose and A. Modi (eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, Springer Proceedings in Energy, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5955-6_129
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panel is an energy-intensive process. It can be said that the panels once commissioned are emission-free during their useful life as it converts solar energy directly into electrical energy based on photovoltaic principle. The lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions normalized per unit of electrical output (g CO2 /kWh) for renewable technologies are considerably less than fossilfuel-based resources. The estimate for photovoltaics is 10–200 g CO2 /kWh, while that for fossilfuel technology, i.e., for coal is 600–1750 g CO2 /kWh and for oil 500–1100 g CO2 /kWh. That’s why shifting towards renewables for mitigating climate change or reducing consumption of energy through conventional sources has become a necessity [4]. Solar PV panels generally have a lifetime of 25–30 years after which their power output reduces below 80% [5]. The main challenge is to reuse, reduce, and recycle the waste generated by the solar panels. As PV panels can’t be reused directly after their lifetime, thus recycling is given importance. In this research paper,
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