An application on sinkhole susceptibility mapping by integrating remote sensing and geographic information systems
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ORIGINAL PAPER
An application on sinkhole susceptibility mapping by integrating remote sensing and geographic information systems Osman Orhan 1 & Murat Yakar 2 & Semih Ekercin 3 Received: 15 February 2019 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Karapınar, located in the middle of Konya Closed Basin in Turkey, is a district that is agriculturally and economically significant. The natural life and agricultural future of the district are threatened by the gradual reduction of underground water resources, application of intensive agricultural activities that are unable to account for climate characteristics, and climate change effects. When the geological structure of the district is added to all these parameters, environmental problems such as land subsidence and sinkhole formation occur in the district. This study presents the results of a research project evaluating sinkhole susceptibility using remote sensing and geographic information systems in the district of Karapınar in Konya, Turkey. In addition, the importance of adding deformation map that was produced using InSAR analyses as a factor in the sinkhole susceptibility mapping was emphasized. A sinkhole susceptibility map was produced to determine the potential sinkhole areas based on expert opinions by applying the analytical hierarchy process approach and considering a selection of 13 factors. The map produced was in high agreement with the recent sinkholes in the district. The results of this study showed that the analytical hierarchy process can be a useful approach for susceptibility assessments when data on the main controlling factors have sufficient accuracy and spatial coverage. In addition, the map presented apparent sinkhole susceptibility in the area in accordance with the selected parameters and informed decision makers regarding natural hazard risks in Karapınar. Keywords AHP . InSAR . Karapınar . Sinkhole . Sinkhole susceptibility map
Introduction The formation of sinkholes, which are a type of unpredictable geo-hazard, endangers human life, civil structures, and agricultural activities in susceptible geological regions (Gutierrez et al. 2014). Sinkholes are observed in areas where rocks that are comprised of calcium carbonates, such as dolomite and limestone, are present. These rocks that readily dissolve in water are called karst. Sinkholes form naturally when Responsible Editor: Amjad Kallel * Osman Orhan [email protected] 1
Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
2
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
3
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42100 Konya, Turkey
groundwater dissolves these geological units creating subterranean karst cavities over time. The cavities grow up towards the surface until the structure above them collapses. It is known that the formation of sinkholes is dependent on predisposing factors (Prete et al. 2010), the most common of which are poor geo-mechanical parameters o
