An Approach for Optimal Allocation of Fixed and Switched Capacitor Banks in Distribution Systems Based on the Monkey Sea
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An Approach for Optimal Allocation of Fixed and Switched Capacitor Banks in Distribution Systems Based on the Monkey Search Optimization Method Felipe G. Duque1 · Leonardo W. de Oliveira1 · Edimar J. de Oliveira1
Received: 12 August 2015 / Revised: 28 November 2015 / Accepted: 9 December 2015 © Brazilian Society for Automatics–SBA 2015
Abstract This work presents an algorithm based on the bio-inspired optimization technique known as monkey search (MS) for the optimal allocation of fixed and switched capacitor banks in distribution systems. The objectives are to minimize the energy loss, to improve the voltage levels and to reduce the carbon dioxide emission. The monkey search technique is a metaheuristic method that is inspired by the behavior of a monkey searching for food in a jungle. The applied method consists of a modified monkey search (MMS), which presents modifications and improvements for the original MS technique to represent in a suitable manner the features and constraints of the capacitor allocation problem. The proposed model considers different load levels, voltage limit constraints and practical values for fixed and switched capacitor banks, as well as for unit costs and emission coefficient. Case studies are performed by using test systems of the literature in order to assess the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, including a tutorial on the MMS algorithm. Keywords Fixed and switched capacitors · Distribution systems · Loss minimization · Carbon dioxide emission · Modified monkey search
1 Introduction The new paradigms of the energy sector, as the requirements for lower costs and higher quality of the energy supplying, as well as the technological advances, have leading to the
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Felipe G. Duque [email protected] Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University at Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
search for more efficient solutions of common problems, as the network loss and the voltage drop. The distribution systems have an important role for the energy sector, because such systems impact appreciably on the electrical networks planning (Gonen 1986) and are more complex in respect of voltage control and loss (Grainger and Lee 1981; Lee and Grainger 1981). The energy quality question has been handled by energy efficiency policies through the development of short-, medium- and long-term plans, in line with the strategic and business plans of energy companies. Such policies aim at the economy of resources and the postponement of investments in generation, transmission and distribution systems, which can reduce the environmental impact (Li et al. 2013). Moreover, the planning of modern systems should encourage the search for technological solutions through analyses of the social, economic and environmental impacts from the potential generation sources and respective conversion technologies. In this context, options for increasing the efficiency and quality of distribution systems with control of the environmental impact, as the capacitor allocation, should b
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