An approach to evaluate trust and reputation of things in a Multi-IoTs scenario
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An approach to evaluate trust and reputation of things in a Multi-IoTs scenario Domenico Ursino1
· Luca Virgili1
Received: 26 September 2019 / Accepted: 29 April 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the past research, trust and reputation have been investigated for communities of people, for organizations and for multi-agent systems. However, in the last few years, things are becoming increasingly relevant in the Internet scenario and, at the same time, increasingly complex. As a matter of fact, the term “Internet of Things” (hereafter, IoT) is becoming more and more common in both the scientific and the technological contexts. But, if a thing can have a profile and a behavior like a human, it is not out of place to extend the concept of trust and reputation to things and to define ad hoc approaches for their computation. In this paper, we investigate trust and reputation of a thing in a Multiple IoTs scenario and we propose a context-aware approach to evaluate them. This task is not immediate because it should consider all the peculiarities of a thing compared to a human and all the specificities of a Multiple IoTs scenario compared to a community of people. Keywords Trust · Reputation · Internet of Things · Thing’s profile · MIoT · SIoT · Social internetworking Mathematics Subject Classification 68M15 · 91D30
1 Introduction We experience the concepts of trust and reputation everyday; for example, when we buy something on an online service provider, in most cases, we do not have enough information about the service and/or the provider. This forces us to accept a “risk of prior performance”, like paying for services and goods before receiving them. This
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Domenico Ursino [email protected] Luca Virgili [email protected]
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DII, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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D. Ursino, L. Virgili
information asymmetry can be mitigated thanks to the concepts of trust and reputation. The term trust is reported in literature with different nuances; therefore, it could be difficult to understand what it really is. However, as stated in [28], there are mainly two ways of defining trust. The first one is called reliability trust. This type of trust can be defined as the subjective probability by which an individual A expects that another individual B performs a given action from which its welfare depends [24]. The second type of trust is called decision trust. In this case, there is one party that is willing to depend on something or somebody in a given situation with a feeling of relative security [29]. Both these definitions involve the notions of dependence and reliability on the trusted entity and a certain risk related to a misbehavior of service provider. Starting from the concept of trustworthiness, it is possible to define the one of reputation. According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary [17], reputation is “the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something”. Therefore, the concept of trust is based on personal and subjective ev
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