An Archaeological Study of Rural Capitalism and Material Life The Gi

Historical archaeology has largely focused on the study of early military sites and homes of upper class. Research on lower classes was viewed as a supplement to local histories documenting political, military and financial leaders of the 18th and 19th ce

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CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY Series Editor: Charles E. Orser, Jr., Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF RURAL CAPITALISM AND MATERIAL LIFE: The Gibbs Farmstead in Southern Appalachia, 1790–1920 Mark D. Groover ARCHAEOLOGY AND CREATED MEMORY: Public History in a National Park Paul A. Schackel AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF HISTORY AND TRADITION: Moments of Danger in the Annapolis Landscape Christopher N. Matthews AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF MANNERS: The Polite World of the Merchant Elite of Colonial Massachusetts Lorinda B. R. Goodwin DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE AND POWER: The Historical Archaeology of Colonial Ecuador Ross W. Jamieson THE HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF BUENOS AIRES: A City at the End of the World Daniel Schávelzon A HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Breaking New Ground Edited by Uzi Baram and Lynda Carroll MEANING AND IDEOLOGY IN HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY: Style, Social Identity, and Capitalism in an Australian Town Heather Burke RACE AND AFFLUENCE: An Archaeology of African America and Consumer Culture Paul R. Mullins A Chronological Listing of Volumes in this series appears at the back of this volume. A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

An Archaeological Study of Rural Capitalism and Material Life The Gibbs Farmstead in Southern Appalachia, 1790–1920

Mark D. Groover Ball State University Muncie, Indiana

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW

eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:

0-306-47917-6 0-306-47502-2

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To Charles Faulkner, scholar, mentor, and friend.

Foreword

The history of archaeological research at the Gibbs site parallels changing theoretical approaches in American historical archaeology that ultimately transformed this study from a local to a global perspective. When excavation began at the Gibbs site in 1987, historical archaeology in East Tennessee had largely focused on the study of early military sites and the homes of upper class Anglo-Americans. Sometimes called “historical supplementation” (Deagan 1982), this archaeological research was viewed as a supplement or handmaiden to local histories that also largely documented the lives of white male political and military leaders of the 18th and 19th centuries. However, during the decade of excavation at this late 18th and 19th century farmstead, a new theoretical approach in historical archaeology was adopt