An Embedded Multi-branch 3D Convolution Neural Network for False Positive Reduction in Lung Nodule Detection
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ORIGINAL PAPER
An Embedded Multi-branch 3D Convolution Neural Network for False Positive Reduction in Lung Nodule Detection Wangxia Zuo 1,2
&
Fuqiang Zhou 1 & Yuzhu He 1
# Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine 2020
Abstract Numerous lung nodule candidates can be produced through an automated lung nodule detection system. Classifying these candidates to reduce false positives is an important step in the detection process. The objective during this paper is to predict real nodules from a large number of pulmonary nodule candidates. Facing the challenge of the classification task, we propose a novel 3D convolution neural network (CNN) to reduce false positives in lung nodule detection. The novel 3D CNN includes embedded multiple branches in its structure. Each branch processes a feature map from a layer with different depths. All of these branches are cascaded at their ends; thus, features from different depth layers are combined to predict the categories of candidates. The proposed method obtains a competitive score in lung nodule candidate classification on LUNA16 dataset with an accuracy of 0.9783, a sensitivity of 0.8771, a precision of 0.9426, and a specificity of 0.9925. Moreover, a good performance on the competition performance metric (CPM) is also obtained with a score of 0.830. As a 3D CNN, the proposed model can learn complete and three-dimensional discriminative information about nodules and non-nodules to avoid some misidentification problems caused due to lack of spatial correlation information extracted from traditional methods or 2D networks. As an embedded multi-branch structure, the model is also more effective in recognizing the nodules of various shapes and sizes. As a result, the proposed method gains a competitive score on the false positive reduction in lung nodule detection and can be used as a reference for classifying nodule candidates. Keywords Embedded . Multi-branch . 3D CNN . False positive reduction . Lung nodule detection
Introduction Lung nodule detection is an effective means for early screening and diagnosis of lung cancer. However, to carry out this task, various images are provided by different screening methods [1, 2]; among which, the lung spiral scan is commonly used and a large number of computed tomography (CT) images can be obtained through this screening method. Thus, the lung nodule detection discussed in this paper is to find and mark the location of nodules from such multiple CT images.
* Fuqiang Zhou [email protected] 1
The School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
2
The College of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
However, for a patient with lung nodules, there is generally only one or a few nodules in his (or her) lung, which often occupies few pixels among 100 to 400 lung slices, making manual detection more difficult. Figure 1 shows a nodule in a lung. The nodule is found to occupy only a few dozen pixels even in
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