An Equivalent Exchange Based Data Forwarding Incentive Scheme for Socially Aware Networks
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An Equivalent Exchange Based Data Forwarding Incentive Scheme for Socially Aware Networks Zenggang Xiong 1,2 & Nan Xiao 1,2 & Fang Xu 1,2 & Xuemin Zhang 1 & Qiong Xu 1,2 & Kaibin Zhang 3 & Conghuan Ye 1 Received: 12 September 2020 / Revised: 7 October 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract As nodes have limited resources in the socially aware networks, they will have strong selfish behaviors, such as not forwarding messages and losing packets, which will lead to poor network performance. Thus, an equivalent-exchange-based data forwarding incentive scheme (EEIS) will be proposed in this paper. It is main that messages forwarding will be abstracted into a transaction in EEIS. The buyer and seller respectively make a price about the message according to its own resource state and negotiate twice the pricing both side until they agree, then the buyer will send the message and pay a certain virtual currency to the seller. Otherwise, the next message will continue to be traded. Meanwhile, both parties’ resource status, wealth status and the price of messages must be open and transparent to prevent the nodes from making false pricing during the transaction. Ultimately, the experimental results show the delivery ratio about messages is improved significantly and verify the effectiveness of EEIS. Keywords Socially aware networking . Selfish nodes . Data forwarding . Virtual currency . Negotiation twice
1 Introduction In recent years, wireless communication and network technologies are developing rapidly, and intelligent mobile devices are quickly connected to the Internet. The explosion of data [1] and the emergence of real-time multiprocessor [2] brings a good beginning to the Socially Aware Networks (SAN). SAN is a new type of network integrating the Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) [3], Cyber-Physical System (CPS) and Social Network Analysis Theory [3–5], which mainly takes the social connections or characteristics between mobile nodes as the basis of network communication. SAN combines computer science, humanities and social science and cognitive science to promote human-centered intelligent communication by revealing memory regulation [6] of human activities. It can perceive and utilize the context
* Fang Xu [email protected] 1
School of Computer and Information Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, Hubei, China
2
School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
3
School of Electronics and Information, Xian Polytechnic University, Xian Shanxi 710048, China
information of nodes, and provide services for human beings more intelligently through context awareness computing [7–10]. SAN is one of the important development directions of mobile ad hoc network, and it brings new opportunities for the development of computer network [11]. Nowadays, the extensive use of social network applications makes SAN enter the eyes of many researchers in academia and industry [12, 13]. Therefore,
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