An Experimental Analysis of Digital Elevation Models Generated with Lidar Data and UAV Photogrammetry
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
An Experimental Analysis of Digital Elevation Models Generated with Lidar Data and UAV Photogrammetry Nizar Polat1
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Murat Uysal1
Received: 12 October 2017 / Accepted: 8 February 2018 Ó Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2018
Abstract A digital elevation model (DEM) is a very important product that represents the topography digitally. It is an essential requirement of many engineering applications. From past to present, the methodology of DEM generation process is changed with respect to technology. Today, the laser scanner and aerial imagery are two widely used technologies to get DEM. Especially, the computer vision aided the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) opened new horizons in this regard. This study investigates the airborne LiDAR and UAV based DEM comparisons in terms of correlation and vertical accuracy. For this purpose four different LiDAR data are provided. Moreover, a photogrammetric flight is carried out with UAV and images of the study area are captured after field surveys. Then, five different DEMs are generated from five different point clouds. Finally, the statistical analyses are performed to calculate the correlations and accuracies of DEMS. According to the analysis, the UAV based models are as accurate as LiDAR based models along with some other advantages. Keywords Photogrammetry UAV LiDAR SFM DEM
Introduction Terrain or topography is one of the most necessary components in human life. For a long time, geography and cartography researchers have been studied on this issue in order to get a convenient definition and useful analysis of topography. This much effort is really necessary due to the high complexity of earth topography and it is impossible to get every detail. Thus the definition of topography involves an observation based scale of approximation (Xue-jun et al. 2007). Today, thanks the developing technologies, a very large part of geographic and geomatic data is digitally obtained. Depending on this fact, the topography is produced in a digital format. In scientific literature, this phenomenon is called as a digital elevation model (DEM) which defines & Nizar Polat [email protected] Murat Uysal [email protected] 1
Geomatics Department, Faculty of Engineering, AKU, 03200 Afyon, Turkey
the Z values of terrain surfaces digitally (Li et al. 2005; Guo’an et al. 2005; Xiong et al. 2014). In a further explanation, there are two kinds of DEM which are digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital surface model (DSM). A DSM is a digital representation of the elevation related with the earth topography, including all natural and man-made objects. On the other hand a DTM looks like the DSM but in a way of the excluding all natural and manmade objects in order to define bare earth. A DTM can be obtained also by using several algorithms to remove objects from a DSM (Krauß and Pfeifer 1998; Vosselman 2000; Sithole and Vosselman 2004; Bandara et al. 2011; Krauß et al. 2011). A DEM can be produced by different kinds of data such as geodetic surveys, satellite imager
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