An immune-related gene signature for predicting survival and immunotherapy efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
An immune‑related gene signature for predicting survival and immunotherapy efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma Yifei Dai1 · Weijie Qiang2 · Kequan Lin3 · Yu Gui4 · Xun Lan1 · Dong Wang5 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the fourth in terms of cancer-related mortality globally. Herein, in this research, we attempted to develop a novel immune-related gene signature that could predict survival and efficacy of immunotherapy for HCC patients. Methods The transcriptomic and clinical data of HCC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE14520 datasets, followed by acquiring immune-related genes from the ImmPort database. Afterwards, an immunerelated gene-based prognostic index (IRGPI) was constructed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model. Kaplan–Meier survival curves as well as time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed to evaluate its predictive capability. Besides, both univariate and multivariate analyses on overall survival for the IRGPI and multiple clinicopathologic factors were carried out, followed by the construction of a nomogram. Finally, we explored the possible correlation of IRGPI with immune cell infiltration or immunotherapy efficacy. Results Analysis of 365 HCC samples identified 11 differentially expressed immune-related genes, which were selected to establish the IRGPI. Notably, it can predict the survival of HCC patients more accurately than published biomarkers. Furthermore, IRGPI can predict the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of HCC, as well as the response of immunotherapy. Conclusion Collectively, the currently established IRGPI can accurately predict survival, reflect the immune microenvironment, and predict the efficacy of immunotherapy among HCC patients. Keywords Hepatocellular carcinoma · Immune-related gene · Prognostic index · Immune microenvironment · Cancer immunotherapy Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-020-02743-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xun Lan [email protected] * Dong Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
3
School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
4
School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
5
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
Abbreviations ALT Alanine transferase AUC Area under curve BP Biological process CC Cellular component CIs Confidence intervals DAVID Database for Annotatio
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