An impact assessment of energy undesirable output on climate-carrying capacity: a case study of Shanghai
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SUSTAINABLE WATER–ENERGY–ENVIRONMENT NEXUS
An impact assessment of energy undesirable output on climate-carrying capacity: a case study of Shanghai Wei Shan 1,2 & Fangfang Wang 3 Received: 30 January 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract It is important to evaluate the impact of undesirable energy output on the climate-carrying capacity of the power grid-based economy to promote the green development. Three indicators—climate natural capacity, urban climate pressure, and urban coordinated development capacity—are used as input factors to study the climate-carrying capacity. The Nemerow index method and comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight are employed to calculate inputs. Pollution emissions such as carbon dioxide emissions, waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste pollution are included as energy undesirable outputs, and industry output value is included as a desirable output to calculate the non-radial directional distance of the output of climatecarrying capacity that combines desirable and undesirable outputs. The total factor non-radial directional distance function and energy-environmental non-radial directional distance function are used to obtain the efficiency index of total factor climatecarrying capacity and the efficiency of climate-carrying capacity performance, respectively. These two indices are included in the analysis to estimate the impact of energy undesirable output on climate-carrying capacity. Results from empirical analysis showed that when two types of undesirable outputs, namely waste gas and wastewater outputs, in Shanghai are constrained, the efficiency and performance efficiency of climate environmental carrying capacity are both lower than 0.8, indicating that undesirable outputs had a substantial influence on the climate-carrying capacity. In Shanghai, the major approach to improve the regional climate-carrying capacity is to improve energy efficiency and reduce undesirable outputs of power grid-based economy. Keywords Impact assessment . Climatic environment . The carrying capacity . Energy undesirable output
Introduction The global climate is undergoing significant changes with global warming as one of the main features. Climate change has caused a series of problems such as rising sea levels, frequent occurrence of extreme and catastrophic climates, and reduction of biodiversity. It has been posting significant impacts on natural, human, and urban systems, and these impacts tend to continue in the future (Karl and Trenberth 2003; IPCC 2014). Especially, in urban areas, climate change
Responsible editor: Eyup Dogan * Fangfang Wang [email protected] 1
School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
2
School of Economics and Management, Wenzhou University Oujiang College, Wenzhou, China
3
School of Business, Wenzhou university, Wenzhou, China
together with urbanization has brought various key risks of climate change (Kalnay and Cai 2003; Hallegatte and CorfeeMorlot 2011; Rosenzweig et al
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