An Inertial Piezoelectric Drive with an Electrodynamic Actuator
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nertial Piezoelectric Drive with an Electrodynamic Actuator P. V. Gulyaev* Institute of Mechanics, Udmurt Federal Research Center, Udmurt Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, 426067 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received November 1, 2018; revised January 15, 2019; accepted January 23, 2019
Abstract—In this paper, we study the performance of inertial linear-rotary piezoelectric drives under conditions that impede starting: lowered voltage, long idle time, high axial load, and the use of polymer materials. The application of an electrodynamic actuator for solving this problem is considered. The design of the passive actuator consisting of a magnet and a metal rod, as well as the actuator alignment procedure, is presented. Based on a system of electromechanical analogies, a model of an inertial drive with an electrodynamic actuator is described. This model was used to study a drive with an actuator, and the results of the study are presented. The actuator is shown to have two operation modes depending on the rotation direction of the drive. The features of the drive operation in these modes are described. In addition, the model showed that the actuator efficiency significantly decreases at small deformations of the piezoelectric element. In an active electrodynamic actuator, a magnet and a solenoidal coil are used to additionally affect the piezoelectric elements of the drive. The operation features of the active actuator are considered. A prototype of an inertial piezoelectric linear-rotary drive with an electrodynamic actuator is described, and the results of its tests and recommendations on the use of active and passive actuators are provided. Keywords: inertial piezoelectric drive, electrodynamic actuator, bimorph piezoelectric element, linear-rotary drive, step drive, backlash-free screw–nut pair, dry friction kinematic pair DOI: 10.3103/S1068371220060048
Inertial piezoelectric drives [1–3] of nanodisplacement are used in high-precision positioning systems with low load capacity. In the general case, this drive is a piezoelectric element loaded with a kinematic friction pair (the running gear) from one end and an inertial element from the other. The drive is controlled by asymmetrical sawtooth signals. During the slow (fractions-units of seconds) front of the control signal, gradual deformation of the piezoelectric element and displacement of the inertial elements occur. In this case, the kinematic pair is motionless. After a fast (fraction-units of milliseconds) cutoff of the control signal, the inertial elements cannot also quickly return to their initial position and so movement begins and displacement of the kinematic pair of the drive occurs. Despite the simplicity of the design and high level of accuracy of movements, inertial drives have a number of disadvantages [2] limiting their application: —high control voltages; and —difficulty in being reactivated after long stops (the absence of movement under the effect of control signals). A high voltage is necessary in inertial drives
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