An integer wavelet transform and pixel value differencing based feature specific hybrid technique for 2D ECG steganograp
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An integer wavelet transform and pixel value differencing based feature specific hybrid technique for 2D ECG steganography with high payload capacity Neetika Soni 1,2 & Indu Saini 1 & Butta Singh 2 Received: 9 April 2019 / Revised: 30 November 2019 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is essentially a significant physiological signal required in the diagnosis of cardiac disorders. For remote healthcare assistance, ECG signal along with patient’s meta-data is communicated over the public network. During communication, security and privacy of patient’s sensitive information is a major issue. Presently, a common steganography technique is being applied on the entire ECG signal. Since ECG signal consists of clinically more significant QRS regions as well as less significant non-QRS regions and employing same steganography approach on both the regions is not admissible. In this work, a hybrid approach is proposed for concealing the sensitive information in 2-dimensional (2D) ECG. A fusion of integer wavelet transform and modified least significant bit (IWT-mLSB) approach is applied in the pivotal QRS complex region; while pixel inverted pixel value differencing (PI-PVD) technique is implemented in the non-QRS region to hide the confidential data. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on standard as well as self-recorded database in terms of statistical parameters, clinically critical metrics, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, embedding capacity (EC) and bit error rate (BER). The security of the proposed algorithm is further evaluated in terms of key space and key sensitivity. A comparative analysis with other state-of-the-art techniques exhibits the competency of the proposed technique. Keywords ECG steganography . Chaotic map . Integer wavelet transform . Pixel inverted pixel value differencing . Key space . Key sensitivity
* Butta Singh [email protected]
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University, Regional Campus, Jalandhar, 144007, India
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction Telemedicine is a significant tool in remote healthcare systems and is rapidly changing the dynamics of conventional healthcare systems. The patient centric approaches provide reliable emergency solutions to homebound patients and obtain expert opinions from globally available experienced healthcare providers. Biomedical signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) etc. are the commonly used signals in tele-health services. To make this system more symptomatic, these signals are complimented by annotations, patient’s medical biography and history. It raises the concern of security and authentication of the sensitive information during its transmission and storage. Legal regulations like U.S
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