An Integrated Geohydrology and Geomorphology Based Subsurface Solid Modelling for Site Suitability of Artificial Groundw
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An Integrated Geohydrology and Geomorphology Based Subsurface Solid Modelling for Site Suitability of Artificial Groundwater Recharge: Bhalki Micro-watershed, Karnataka Vasala Sai Charan1,#,*, B. Naga Jyothi2, Rajarshi Saha2, Tushar Wankhede2, I.C Das2 and J. Venkatesh1 1
Centre for Spatial Information Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTUH), Hyderabad - 500 085, India Department of Water Resources & Ocean Engineering (Formerly Applied Mechanics and Hydraulics), National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal - 575 025, India 2 Hydrogeology Division, Geosciences Group, Remote Sensing Application Area, National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad - 500 037, India *E-mail: [email protected] #
ABSTRACT The groundwater resources of basaltic terrains in peninsular India are decreasing rapidly, due to indiscriminate extraction without considering the recharge capabilities of an aquifer. The main focus of the present study is to develop a good perceptive of the groundwater recharge capabilities in basaltic terrains for long term groundwater sustainability. In the present study 3D aquifer solid model of the sub-surface was integrated with surface variables like geomorphology, lineament density, drainage density, slope, land use along with lithology and soil, derived from earth observation (EO) data. This gives a robust platform to find the complex geology of the study area for facilitating artificial groundwater recharge. The methodology adopted provides an opportunity to integrate all the groundwater-related data for a better understanding of the groundwater and surface water interplay in terms of recharge phenomena. The research signified three categories of recharge zones ‘highly-suitable’; ‘moderatelysuitable’; and ‘unsuitable’. The recharge zones are found to be in accord with the observed pre and post-monsoon groundwater table signifying the validity of the model. This study would be helpful to delineate groundwater recharge plan in similar geological provinces for ensuring the balance of groundwater resources. INTRODUCTION The groundwater resources of hard rock terrain in peninsular India demonstrate heterogeneous distribution spatiotemporally (Kulkarni et al. 2015). Variation in lithology, geomorphology along with inconsistent monsoon gives rise to the heterogeneous distribution of groundwater (Saha et al. 2018). Around 90% of the Indian rural population is dependent on groundwater for drinking purposes (Shankar et al. 2011). The demand for groundwater has drastically increased with rapid population growth, urban and industrial development (Vaidyanadhan and Kumar 2015). This rising demand leads to more groundwater resource exploitation (Das 2020) and has resulted in a huge increase in groundwater abstraction without considering the aquifer capacity and recharge capabilities (Jha and Sinha 2009). This has resulted in a drastic lowering of groundwater table (12 to 15 meter (m) on average; up to 25 m or more) in the last four decades (Subramanyam et al. 2000). To maintain
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