An interaction model for laser and powder in wide-beam laser cladding
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
An interaction model for laser and powder in wide-beam laser cladding Huaming Liu 1,2 & Yan Zhou 2,3 Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This research developed an interaction model for the laser and powder during wide-beam laser cladding by lateral powder feeding. According to the wide-beam laser energy distribution and powder concentration distribution, and the geometrical positional relationship between laser beam and powder flow, a wide-beam laser-powder interaction model was built. This interaction model includes laser energy attenuation model and powder particle temperature distribution model. An attenuation coefficient was proposed to describe the laser energy distribution attenuated by the powder flow in laser-powder interaction zone. Furthermore, the effect of main parameters on the interaction model was discussed. The results show that the distribution of the attenuation coefficient and the powder temperature are asymmetrical. Laser power has no effect on the attenuation coefficient, and powder feed rate has no influence on the powder temperature distribution in wide-beam laser cladding. Keywords Wide-beam laser cladding . Interaction model . Attenuation coefficient . Powder temperature . Directed energy deposition
1 Introduction In the past decades, laser cladding has attracted great attention in aeronautics and astronautics, energy and transportation, and automobile [1, 2]. In particular, wide-beam laser cladding has a high cladding efficiency and low overlap rate due to its large laser spot size, which has been studied by many scholars [3, 4]. During laser cladding, the interaction between laser and powder is an important research field. In the laser-powder interaction model, the distribution characteristics of the laser and the powder flow must be considered. Tan et al. [5] developed a practical model to simulate the powder flow of the coaxial nozzle based on the flux balance. Gong et al. [6] proposed a powder transport model to analysis the flow field with
* Huaming Liu [email protected] 1
School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
2
Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
3
Wuhan Business University, Wuhan 430056, China
cylindrical distribution in laser cladding by lateral powder feeding. Yang et al. [7] established a Gaussian model to quantitatively predict the powder stream concentration. Wen et al. [8] presented a numerical model to simulate the coaxial powder flow. In order to verify the model, some scholars have proposed various experimental testing method, such as the image processing technology used by Huang [9], the high-speed camera technology used by Bidare [10], the powder distribution measured by a CCD camera [7], and the powder concentration test device designed by Tabernero [11]. However, due to the complexity of the powder
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