An Introduction to Statistics with Python With Applications in the L

This textbook provides an introduction to the free software Python and its use for statistical data analysis. It covers common statistical tests for continuous, discrete and categorical data, as well as linear regression analysis and topics from survival

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Thomas Haslwanter

An Introduction to Statistics with Python With Applications in the Life Sciences

Statistics and Computing

Series editor W.K. Härdle

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/3022

Thomas Haslwanter

An Introduction to Statistics with Python With Applications in the Life Sciences

123

Thomas Haslwanter School of Applied Health and Social Sciences University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Linz, Austria Series Editor: W.K. Härdle C.A.S.E. Centre for Applied Statistics and Economics School of Business and Economics Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Germany

The Python code samples accompanying the book are available at www.quantlet.de. All Python programs and data sets can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/thomashaslwanter/statsintro_python.git. Links to all material are available at http://www.springer. com/de/book/9783319283159. The Python solution codes in the appendix are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. ISSN 1431-8784 Statistics and Computing ISBN 978-3-319-28315-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28316-6

ISSN 2197-1706 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-28316-6 (eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016939946 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland

To my two, three, and four-legged household companions: my wife Jean, Felix, and his sister Jessica.

Preface

In the data analysis for my own research work, I was often slowed down by two things: (1) I did not know enough statistics, and (2) the books available would provide a theoretical background, but no real practical help. The book you are holding in your hands (or on your tablet or laptop) is intended to be the book that will solve this very problem. It is designed to provi