An investigation into the critical tension of electroporation in anionic lipid vesicles
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BIOPHYSICS LETTER
An investigation into the critical tension of electroporation in anionic lipid vesicles Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal1 · Md. Kabir Ahamed1 · Urbi Shyamolima Orchi1 · Md. Towhiduzzaman1 · Marzuk Ahmed1 · Shareef Ahammed1 · Nadia Akter Mokta1 · Muhammad Samir Ullah1 Received: 14 June 2020 / Revised: 15 August 2020 / Accepted: 8 November 2020 © European Biophysical Societies’ Association 2020
Abstract Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a technique for the disruption of localized cells or vesicles by a series of short and high− frequency electric pulses which has been used for tissue ablation and treatment in certain diseases. It is well reported that IRE induces lateral tension in the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The GUVs are prepared by a mixture of anionic lipid dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) and neutral lipid dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) using the natural swelling method. Here the influence of DOPG mole fraction, XDOPG, on the critical tension of electroporation in GUVs has been investigated in sodium chloride-containing PIPES buffer. The critical tension decreases from 9.0 ± 0.3 to 6.0 ± 0.2 mN/m with the increase of XDOPG from 0.0 to 0.60 in the membranes of GUVs. Hence an increase in XDOPG greatly decreases the mechanical stability of membranes. We develop a theoretical equation that fits the XDOPG dependent normalized critical tension, and obtain a binding constant for the lipid-ion interaction of 0.75 M−1. The decrease in the energy barrier for formation of the nano−size nascent or prepore state, due to the increase in XDOPG, is the main factor explaining the decrease in critical tension of electroporation in vesicles. Keywords Irreversible electroporation · Critical tension · Anionic lipid · Giant unilamellar vesicles · Binding constant
Introduction Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising technique for ablation of cancer cells and tissue (Miller et al. 2005; Al-Sakere et al. 2007). This technique is use for non-thermal food and water preservation by the permanent destruction of microorganism (Rowan et al. 2000; Teissié et al. 2002). It is well known that plasma membranes of mammalian cells generally consist of 10–20% anionic lipid (Yeagle 1992), whereas bacterial membranes contain about 80% (Cevc 1990; Langner and Kubica 1999). During electroporation, the repulsive force of the charge–charge interactions overpowers membrane cohesive forces, and the cells become ruptured due to pore formation in their membranes. Hence, the study of pore formation in the membranes of cells/vesicles using IRE technique is rapidly growing due to its potential applications in biology, biotechnology and * Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
medicine (Miklavcic 2017; Dev et al. 2000). Currently, lipid membranes of GUVs of sizes 10 μm or more have been used as a model cell membrane for investigating the formation of pores in them using mechanical tension
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