An Investigation of the Influence of Secondary Optical Elements on the Output Parameters of Photovoltaic Modules
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ICAL SCIENCE OF MATERIALS
An Investigation of the Influence of Secondary Optical Elements on the Output Parameters of Photovoltaic Modules N. S. Potapovicha,*, N. Yu. Davidyuka, V. R. Larionova, and V. P. Khvostikova a
Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received March 13, 2020; revised April 15, 2020; accepted April 24, 2020
Abstract—Secondary optical concentrators (focons) designed to operate in a solar concentrator photovoltaic module with Fresnel lenses have been developed and investigated. Both volumetric refractive concentrators and concentrators with internal reflective surfaces in the form of inverted truncated cones and pyramids were created. The use of focons in the design of the photovoltaic module made it possible to achieve a significant increase (more than two times) in the permissible angle of deviation of the optical axis of the concentrator system from the normal position. DOI: 10.1134/S1063784220120221
INTRODUCTION One of the most promising methods for generating electricity from renewable sources is the direct conversion of concentrated solar radiation using high-efficiency cascade-type semiconductor photovoltaic converters (PVCs) and inexpensive optical concentrator systems. Currently, the efficiency of PVCs based on three-stage GaInP/GaAs/Ge heterostructures exceeds a level of 40% [1]. The use of optical concentrators, providing a multiplicity of concentration of solar radiation of 500–1000, makes it possible to proportionally reduce the area of the PVC, which helps to reduce the share of costs for expensive semiconductor structures in the cost of a unit of installed capacity of a solar power plant. Fresnel lenses (FLs) are widely used as primary concentrating optics in concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules. One of the disadvantages of such lenses when focusing solar radiation is a decrease in the concentrating ability (a decrease in the average concentration with a simultaneous increase in the size of the focal spot) and energy efficiency due to the presence of chromatic aberrations [2]. The introduction of secondary optical elements (SOEs) into the optical scheme allows one to smooth out the negative effects associated with chromatic aberrations and uneven distribution of radiation over the surface of photovoltaic converters [3, 4]. The use of the SOEs also provides an expansion of the functionality of the concentrator module in terms of reducing the requirements for the orientation accuracy and increasing its energy efficiency in the modes of active tracking of the position of the Sun, as well as
helping to compensate for errors in the relative position of the module’s structural elements. The variety of elements of secondary optics used in practice includes both mirror and refractive elements of various shapes, as well as their combinations [5–10]. Mirror features include inverted truncated cones and inverted truncated pyramids with internal reflective surfaces. Dome-shaped spherical lenses and volumetric pyramidal, conical, and parabolic
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