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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Open Access

An outbreak of cutaneous abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidinproducing methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus among gold mine workers, South Africa, November 2017 to March 2018 Husna Ismail1* , Nelesh P. Govender1,2, Ashika Singh-Moodley1,2, Erika van Schalkwyk1, Liliwe Shuping1, Itumeleng Moema3, Gal Feller1, Ruth Mogokotleng1, Wilhelmina Strasheim1, Michelle Lowe1, Ruth Mpembe1, Serisha Naicker1, Tsidiso G. Maphanga1, Cecilia De Abreu4, Farzana Ismail4, Nazir Ismail4, Mushal Allam5, Arshad Ismail5, Tanusha Singh2,6, Onnicah Matuka6, Thabang Duba6 and Olga Perovic1,2

Abstract Background: We aimed to describe an outbreak of cutaneous abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) among gold mine workers. Methods: In February 2018, we retrospectively reviewed a random sample of 50 medical records from 243 cases and conducted face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Pus aspirates were sent to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases from prospectively-identified cases (November 2017–March 2018). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected during a colonisation survey in February 2018. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were screened with a conventional PCR for lukS/F-PV. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to determine the genetic relatedness among the isolates. A sample of isolates were selected for whole genome sequencing (WGS). We conducted an assessment on biological risks associated with mining activities. (Continued on next page)

* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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