An overview of COVID-19 with an emphasis on computational approach for its preventive intervention
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REVIEW ARTICLE
An overview of COVID‑19 with an emphasis on computational approach for its preventive intervention Divya Mishra1 · Ashish Mishra1 · Vivek K. Chaturvedi2 · M. P. Singh1,2 Received: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract SARS-CoV-2, a novel Betacoronavirus, has attracted global attention because of its extremely high infection rate and large number of human deaths. It possesses a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA of ~ 30 kb nucleotides as its genetic material. It is responsible for COVID-19 which has been declared a pandemic by WHO. Having reported for the first time in Wuhan, China, the virus infected over 21.48 million people and caused over 0.77 million deaths till mid-august 2020. SARS-CoV-2 contains the spike protein site that gets activated by an enzyme furin which is found in the lung, liver, and small intestine of humans. It shows the potentiality of virus for attacking multiple organs and their failures. Due to the absence of vaccines, the cure is restricted to supportive care including repurposed drugs. In silico approaches may offer an alternative screening to optimize hits to lead stages. It can provide important related to drug resistance, their lineages and evolution. This approach may also help to find an effective vaccine against COVID-19. This review focuses on the in silico aspects of genomics, proteomics, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and viral receptor binding analysis in Betacoronavirus. Keywords SARS-CoV-2 · Betacoronavirus · COVID-19 · In silico · Vaccine
Introduction COVID-19 pandemic takes us back in the history reminding to 1918 influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 virus which infected about 500 million and took a death toll of about 50 million people. Viral pandemic has a great impact on human beings from infection, morbidity, mortality and fear of economic instability. Some major outbreak of the viral disease since the early twentieth century is depicted in Table1. The Coronaviruses consist of club-like projections that cause colds and acute upper respiratory distress, also in some cases mild pneumonia and acute gastroenteritis. They inflict various disorders in a wide range of birds and mammals and are transmissible in humans also. In December 2019, people infected from this virus reported having symptoms similar to that of pneumonia (Gupta et al. 2020). Later on, it was discovered as novel coronavirus and renamed as SARS-CoV-2 * M. P. Singh [email protected] 1
Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
2
(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) by the World Health Organisation. This novel Betacoronavirus has brought the entire planet at the knee because of its tremendous high infection rate resulting in large number of deaths. It belongs to the family of coronaviridae possessing a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA of ~ 30 kb nucleotides as its genetic material (Sheree
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