An Overview of Intelligent Transportation Systems in the Context of Internet of Vehicles
Mobility and transportation are the critical means of economic growth in any nation. Transportation is to the movement of people and goods across geographical distances. Transportation systems are an indispensable part of human activities. They remain the
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1 Introduction Traditionally, the motor vehicles have been affordable means of transportation. As an indispensable part of modern life, vehicles have evolved since their invention in the Second Industrial Revolution. In addition to electric vehicles, smart vehicles have been increasing in number. Internet of vehicles (IoV) is essentially an application of Internet of things (IoT). When all the interconnected devices are vehicles, then IoT becomes Internet of vehicles (IoV), which provides information services, energy-saving emission reduction capability, and driving safety. IoV may be regarded as the evolution of conventional vehicle adhoc network (VANET), which is network that evolved from mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In IoV, vehicles are always connected to the Internet so as to augment the services the users can benefit from when moving in urban areas. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) integrate advanced communications technologies into vehicles and transportation infrastructure. ITS are basically transportation technologies that support the operations of a state highway system through advanced wireless communication technologies. ITS cover all modes of transportation (road, rail, sea, and air) and provides services that can be used by both passenger and freight transport. It is a system that applies ICT to road transportation including infrastructure, vehicles, and
M. N. O. Sadiku () · S. M. Musa Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] N. Gupta Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India e-mail: [email protected] K. K. Patel Chemic Engineers, Hitchcock, TX, USA © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 N. Gupta et al. (eds.), Internet of Vehicles and its Applications in Autonomous Driving, Unmanned System Technologies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46335-9_1
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users. ITS is an indispensable component of the notion of a smart city transforming cities into digital societies. The smart city concept promotes the growth of social capital through the development of telecommunication, education, and research infrastructure. The range of impacts of ITS may be local, regional, or national [1]. The Japanese carried out the early work on ITS in the 1980s. But Japanese did not coin a specific name for ITS at that time. The concept of intelligent transport systems (or intelligent transportation services) was born in the 1980s when a group of transportation professionals conceived the impact that communication technologies could have on surface transportation. ITS facilitates better public transport services by enhancing safety and easing traffic congestion. ITS is being supported by US Department of Transportation (USDOT) through research, development, adoption, and deployment. The USDOT has provided leadership and cooperation with other federal agencies. The world is at the brink of the most disruptive changes to our transportation system [2]. The ITS Standards Program has teamed up with
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