Anaerobic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microorganisms: An Overview
Anaerobic microorganisms that utilize hydrocarbons became known when aerobic microorganisms with such capacity had been already under study for many decades. Hydrocarbons may be utilized anaerobically with nitrate, iron(III), or sulfate as electron accept
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998
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Remarks on Basic Physiology and Relationships of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Degraders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1999
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Groups of Hydrocarbons and Their Degraders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000 Methane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000 Non-Methane Alkanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009 Alkenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2010 Alkynes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 Aromatic Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 Anaerobic Growth with Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014
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Research Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2015
K. N. Timmis (ed.), Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_146, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
1998
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Anaerobic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microorganisms: An Overview
Abstract: Anaerobic microorganisms that utilize hydrocarbons became known when aerobic microorganisms with such capacity had been already under study for many decades. Hydrocarbons may be utilized anaerobically with nitrate, iron(III), or sulfate as electron acceptor, under conditions of methanogenesis, or by anoxygenic photosynthesis. The most important degraders of the simplest hydrocarbon, methane, are distinct groups of archaea in association with bacteria that apparently reduce sulfate. Axenic cultures have not been isolated to date. Methane oxidation may be also coupled to denitrification. Degraders of non-methane hydrocarbons are phylogenetically diverse; they are members of the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Many species have been isolated in pure cultures. Anaerobic microorganisms utilizing hydrocarbons always exhibit much slower growth than their aerobic counterparts.
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Introduction
A globally important, if not the most important role of microorganisms in our biosphere is undoubtedly their degradative and mineralizing activity towards the innumerable organic compounds in the steadily forming dead biomass of primary producers and their consumers. The recognition of this role of microorganisms led to the postulate of ‘‘
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