Analyses of Transient and Tertiary Small Punch Creep Deformation of 316LN Stainless Steel
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PC) is a small specimen testing technique that can be used to obtain the creep properties of materials employed for elevated temperature applications. A common code of practice for SPC testing[1] that deals with the testing equipment, testing procedures, specimen size, procedures for data analysis, etc., has been evolved by European Committee for Standardization (CEN).[2] SPC technique can be applied to several areas of research where conventional uniaxial creep test may not be feasible due to limitation in volume of material available for testing. Saucedo-Munoz et al.[3] applied SPC technique to estimate the change in creep properties of SUS 316 HTB stainless steel (SS) cut from secondary superheater tubes [exposed at 882 K (609 C) for 100600 h]. SPC technique was utilized to study creep behavior of different zones of weld repaired P91 pipe.[4] Kim et al.[5] conducted SPC tests on various regions of P92 steel weldment and found intercritical heat-affected zone as the weakest part of weldment. Komazaki et al.[6] estimated the remaining lives of various zones of welded joint of boiler header which was used for 250000 h. Mathew et al.[7] observed an increasing trend in SPC rupture life with an increase J. GANESH KUMAR, V. GANESAN, and K. LAHA, Scientific Officers, are with the Mechanical Metallurgy Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted on January 20, 2016. Article published online July 11, 2016 4484—VOLUME 47A, SEPTEMBER 2016
in nitrogen content in 316LN SS that were in agreement with corresponding uniaxial creep tests and concluded that SPC technique can be used to compare heat to heat variation in creep strength. There are several relationships and equations that govern the uniaxial creep deformation behavior. Although the state of stress developed in SPC test specimen is biaxial, the uniaxial creep relationships were found to be applicable to SPC data. Parker et al.[8] described SPC rupture life (tr) as a function of load and temperature (T), similar to the stress and temperature dependence of rupture Qc life in uniaxial creep test, as m 1 ¼ BðLoadÞ exp RT ; where ‘B’ is constant and ‘R’ is tr universal gas constant and obtained the value of activation energy (Qc) closer to that calculated from uniaxial creep tests. Dorn equation has been applied to analyze SPC test results of 1.25Cr 0.5Mo pearlitic steels by using minimum creep deflection rate in place of minimum creep rate and load in place of stress.[9] Dobes and Milicka[10] used an equation analogous to Monkman-Grant relationship to relate minimum creep deflection rate and time to rupture in SPC tests. Tettamanti and Crudeli[11] calculated the values of Larson-Miller parameter, Monkman-Grant indicator, and activation energy using SPC data of ASTM A335 P12 steel. SPC test results obtained for P91 steel were analyzed using various parametric approaches such as Larson-Miller, Fisher-Dorn, Goldhoff-Sherby, Manson-Haferd, Manson-Succop, and Sud-Aviation an
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