Analysis of Excitation and Ionization of Atoms and Molecules by Electron Impact

Analysis of Excitation and Ionization of Atoms and Molecules by Electron Impact, by Afzal Chaudhry and Hans Kleinpoppen, describes in detail the measurements of the partial and total doubly differential cross sections for the multiple-ionization of rare g

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ATOMIC, OPTICAL, AND PLASMA PHYSICS

60

Springer Series on

ATOMIC, OPTICAL, AND PLASMA PHYSICS The Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics covers in a comprehensive manner theory and experiment in the entire field of atoms and molecules and their interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Books in the series provide a rich source of new ideas and techniques with wide applications in fields such as chemistry, materials science, astrophysics, surface science, plasma technology, advanced optics, aeronomy, and engineering. Laser physics is a particular connecting theme that has provided much of the continuing impetus for new developments in the field. The purpose of the series is to cover the gap between standard undergraduate textbooks and the research literature with emphasis on the fundamental ideas, methods, techniques, and results in the field. Please view available titles in Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics on series homepage http://www.springer.com/series/411

Afzal Chaudhry Hans Kleinpoppen

Analysis of Excitation and Ionization of Atoms and Molecules by Electron Impact

Afzal Chaudhry 190 Barclay Court Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 USA [email protected]

Hans Kleinpoppen Stirling University, UK Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Fritz-Haber-Institut Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany [email protected]

Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics ISBN 978-1-4419-6946-0 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-6947-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6947-7 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London

ISSN 1615-5653

Library of Congress Control Number: 2010936346 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identiļ¬ed as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover design: eStudioCalamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents

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2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Ionization of Atomic Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Ionization of Hydrogen, Sulphur Dioxide and Sulphur Hexa Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Excitation of Polarized Sodium and Potassium Atoms . . . . . . . . . . .