Analysis of Holhymenia histrio genome provides insight into the satDNA evolution in an insect with holocentric chromosom
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Analysis of Holhymenia histrio genome provides insight into the satDNA evolution in an insect with holocentric chromosomes Vanessa Bellini Bardella & Diogo Milani & Diogo Cavalcanti Cabral-de-Mello
Received: 17 June 2020 / Revised: 4 September 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Satellite DNAs (satDNA) are fast-evolving repetitive sequences organized in large tandem arrays, with characteristic enrichment in heterochromatin. Knowledge about evolutionary dynamics of this genome fraction is mostly restricted to its characterization in species with monocentric chromosomes, i.e., localized centromeres. In holocentric species, with nonlocalized centromeres, satDNAs have been largely ignored. Here we advance the understanding of satDNA evolution among holocentric species by characterization of the most abundant satDNAs in the hemipteran Holhymenia histrio, integrating genomic and chromosomal analyses. High plasticity at chromosomal and molecular levels was noticed for 34 satDNAs populating H. histrio genome. One satDNA family in particular (HhiSat01-184) was highly amplified on multiple chromosomes and also highly polymorphic. Our data support the emergence of a new satDNA family from this abundant satDNA, confined to a single chromosome. Moreover, we present new information about composition of a peculiar chromosome in Coreidae, the m-chromosome, and of the X chromosome. Overall, the Responsible Editor: Andreas Houben Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-020-09642-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. V. B. Bardella : D. Milani : D. C. Cabral-de-Mello (*) Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências/IB, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
molecular and chromosomal patterns for satDNAs in the holocentric species H. histrio seem to be similar to those observed in monocentric species. Key-words Coreidae . Hemiptera . heterochromatin . repetitive DNAs Abbreviations bp base pair CMA3 chromomycin A3 DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization K2P Kimura 2-parameter PCR polymerase chain reaction rDNA ribosomal DNA satDNA satellite DNA SF superfamily SSC saline–sodium citrate buffer
Introduction The eukaryote genomes characteristically harbor plenty of different classes of repetitive sequences corresponding to a large portion of their DNA content (Charlesworth et al. 1994; López-Flores and Garrido-Ramos 2012; Biscotti et al. 2015). Among these sequences, the satellite DNAs (satDNA) are non-coding DNAs tandemly organized in large arrays that can comprise more than 50% of the genome content (Garrido-Ramos 2017). They are the main components of heterochromatin and are primarily
V. B. Bardella et al.
enriched on pericentromeric and subtelometic regions of chromosomes, but also occur in interstitial heterochromatin and in euchromatin (Charlesworth e
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