Analysis of mental disorders in tinnitus patients performed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview
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Analysis of mental disorders in tinnitus patients performed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview N. Zirke • C. Seydel • D. Arsoy • B. F. Klapp H. Haupt • A. J. Szczepek • H. Olze • G. Goebel • B. Mazurek
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Accepted: 9 December 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Purpose Known association between tinnitus and psychological distress prompted us to examine patients with chronic tinnitus by using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), which is a standardized and reliable method used for the diagnosis of mental disorders. Methods One hundred patients with chronic tinnitus admitted to the Tinnitus Center, Charite´-Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, were included in this study. Data were collected between February 2008 and February 2009. Besides CIDI, the Tinnitus Questionnaire according to Goebel and Hiller, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, and the General Anxiety Disorder—7 were used. Results Using CIDI, we have identified one or more mental disorders in 46 tinnitus patients. In that group, we found persistent affective disorders (37 %), anxiety disorders (32 %), and somatoform disorders (27 %). Those patients who had affective or anxiety disorders were more N. Zirke C. Seydel D. Arsoy H. Haupt A. J. Szczepek B. Mazurek (&) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tinnitus Center, Charite´-Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charite´ Mitte, Charite´platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany e-mail: [email protected] B. F. Klapp Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charite´-Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charite´ Mitte, Berlin, Germany
distressed by tinnitus and were more anxious and more depressed than tinnitus patients without mental disorders. Psychological impairment positively correlated with tinnitus distress: Patients with decompensated tinnitus had significantly more affective and anxiety disorders than patients with compensated tinnitus. Conclusions In the present study, we have detected a high rate (almost half of the cases) of psychological disorders occurring in patients with chronic tinnitus. The patients diagnosed with psychological disorders were predominantly affected by affective and anxiety disorders. Psychological disorders were associated with severity of tinnitus distress. Our findings imply a need for routine comprehensive screening of mental disorders in patients with chronic tinnitus. Keywords Chronic tinnitus Mental disorder Composite International Diagnostic Interview Abbreviations CAPI Computer-Assisted Personal Interview CIDI Composite International Diagnostic Interview DSM IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV GAD-7 General Anxiety Disorder—7 HADS Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases—10 TQ Tinnitus Questionnaire
H. Olze Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charite´-Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
Introduction
G. Goebel Psychosomatic, Medical Psychosomatic Hospital Roseneck, Prien, Germany
Tinnitus is a phantom sound whi
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