Analysis of Structural Features of Periodic Fe/Pd/Gd/Pd Multilayered Systems
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Analysis of Structural Features of Periodic Fe/Pd/Gd/Pd Multilayered Systems E. M. Pashaeva, A. L. Vasilieva,b,*, I. A. Subbotina, G. V. Prutskova, Yu. M. Chesnokova, M. V. Kovalchuka,b, N. O. Antropovc,d, E. A. Kravtsovc,d, V. V. Proglyadoc, and V. V. Ustinovc,d a National
b
Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, 123182 Russia Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia c Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620990 Russia d Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received June 1, 2020; revised June 1, 2020; accepted June 18, 2020
Abstract—The structure of a material promising for magnetic memory elements based on Fe/Pd/Gd/Pd superlattices has been investigated by X-ray analysis and electron microscopy. Microstructural transformations in the superlattices and the influence of microstructure modification on the magnetic properties of the system are determined. It is shown that intense diffusion of Pd atoms to Gd layers occurs in the superlattices under study. The presence of a paramagnetic Pd layer changes the character of exchange interaction between neighboring ferromagnetic layers due to the induced magnetic moment on Pd atoms near the interface because of the interface imperfection. Nanocrystalline inclusions are found in the Pd/Gd/Pd layers, which are suggested to affect the specificity of magnetic ordering in these systems, as confirmed by magnetic measurements. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774520060243
INTRODUCTION Intermetallic compounds based on rare-earth and transition metals are of great interest for both practical applications and fundamental physics in view of their unique magnetic properties. These systems generally exhibit unusual magnetic properties depending on temperature and magnetic field: presence of the compensation temperature of magnetic sublattices, complex magnetic H–T phase diagrams [1], and spin-flop transition under strong magnetic fields [2, 3]. A particular attention is paid to the formation of noncollinear magnetic ordering in intermetallic ferrimagnetic FeGd compounds. It is known that magnetic moments of iron and gadolinium exhibit antiparallel ordering because of the exchange interaction. A transition to the significantly noncollinear spin-flop phase is possible at a low temperature and a magnetic field exceeding a certain value. A drawback of bulk ferrimagnetic FeGd systems is that the value of the magnetic field necessary for the transition is up to 100 T, which is difficult to implement technically. It was shown in [4] that Fe/Pd/Gd/Pd superlattices (SLs) with paramagnetic Pd interlayers are more promising ferrimagnetic systems. In these systems, one can form ferrimagnetically ordered Fe and Gd layers under critical fields (at which a transition from
the collinear to canted magnetic ordering, accompanied by the spin-flop transition, is observed) that ar
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