ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW STRUCTURE IN THE MODEL OF A MICROHYDRAULIC TURBINE
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ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW STRUCTURE IN THE MODEL OF A MICROHYDRAULIC TURBINE S. I. Shtork∗ , D. A. Suslov,
UDC 532.5
I. V. Litvinov, and E. Yu. Gorelikov
Abstract: This paper describes the results of experimental studies of a flow using the prototype of a propeller-type microhydraulic turbine. The tests are carried out on a testbed in which atmospheric air is used as a working medium. The measurements carried out with the help of a twocomponent laser-Doppler anemometer are used to obtain velocity distributions behind a runner in the case where the operating modes of the device change in a wide range. It is shown that the created model microhydraulic turbine has optimal parameters for the conditions set during the design, and a change in the operating mode of the device from nominal parameters to underload or overload increases the residual swirl of the flow and the generation of strong hydrodynamic instability in the form of a precessing vortex rope. In this case, axial velocity over the cross section is distributed unevenly and the flow pulsation level is increased. Keywords: microhydroturbines, propeller hydroturbine, hydroelectric power plants, experiment, laser-Doppler anemometer, vortex rope precession. DOI: 10.1134/S0021894420050156 INTRODUCTION Currently, hydropower is the oldest and most developed field of renewable energy [1]. Modern hydropower, which is traditionally based on large plants, accounts for about 17% of electricity production [2]. Further development of hydropower is limited by the fact that the potential of large rivers in developed countries is almost fully utilized, and the construction of large-scale hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) in developing countries is constrained by economic reasons and their possible negative impact on the environment [3]. Therefore, the urgent problem is the use of the low-head hydropower potential of small rivers, streams, small-scale hydraulic structures, etc. It should be noted that their use in Russia having enormous water resources for micro-hydropower is at an extremely low level (less than 1%) [4]. The interest in using a distributed network of small plants is due to the fact that such plants are more adapted to the changing demands of consumers, more resistant to equipment failures because the failure of one of many sources does not lead to total “blackouts” that occur when large power plants fail. Small power plants have a smaller negative impact on the environment, so they can be located near consumers, which reduces the losses that occur when electricity is transported over long distances. Developing countries have a large proportion of the poor people, including those living in rural or remote areas, so the use of small hydroelectric power plants that do not require large capital expenditures for installation is often a unique opportunity to access the achievements of civilization [5].
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia; ∗ [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];
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