Analysis of the influencing factors of energy-related carbon emissions in Kazakhstan at different stages
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Analysis of the influencing factors of energy-related carbon emissions in Kazakhstan at different stages Chuanhe Xiong 1
&
Shuang Chen 1 & Qun Gao 1 & Liting Xu 1,2
Received: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study analyzes Kazakhstan’s influencing factors of energy-related carbon emissions in different stages, and the study period (1992–2014) was divided into four stages by using the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. In the low efficiency and high output stage, Kazakhstan had the most energy-related carbon emissions. The total energy-related carbon emissions might be positive or negative in the high efficiency and high output stage and the low efficiency and low output stage, and this was mainly determined by the energy intensity effect or the economic output effect. Different influencing factors had different effects in the different stages from 1992 to 2014. The economic output effect was the first contributor for promoting energy-related carbon emissions, and the energy intensity factor was the first contributor for suppressing energy-related carbon emissions from 1992 to 2014. Finally, policy recommendations in terms of the main influencing factors are put forward, including the low-carbon economic development mode transformation, technological innovation, and renewable energy development. Keywords Energy-related carbon emissions . LMDI method . Development stages . Kazakhstan
Introduction Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country and has become one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, even ranking among the top three fastest-growing countries in the first decade of the twenty-first century (Xiong et al. 2015). Rapid economic development and rapid growth of energy consumption have led to a sharp increase in Kazakhstan’s carbon emissions. Kazakhstan’s per capita CO2 emission is almost three times higher than the world average (Karatayev et al., 2016). As an important country in the third polar region (affected by the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including East Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and so on) and the Belt and Road Initiative, Kazakhstan faces Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Chuanhe Xiong [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
2
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
enormous carbon emission reduction challenges and unprecedented opportunities for development (Karatayev et al. 2016; NRGI Kazakhstan report 2014; Zhang et al. 2017). The lowcarbon transformation of the international community, the green development of the Silk Road, and the emission reduction commitments at the national level all require Kazakhstan to reduce its carbon emissions. To analyze the main influencing factors of promoting and suppressing energy-related carbon emissions
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