Analysis of Transmission Efficiency of a Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Based on Operating Modes
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Analysis of Transmission Efficiency of a Plug‑In Hybrid Vehicle Based on Operating Modes Woong Lee1 · Jinryoung Park1 · Namwook Kim1 Received: 16 July 2018 / Revised: 24 July 2019 / Accepted: 29 July 2019 © Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2019
Abstract Hybrid powertrain systems have become mature technologies because they are able to achieve high-fuel efficiencies and improve driving performances. In order to maximize the use of electric machines, new transmission systems are incorporated into the hybrid powertrains. The Cadillac CT6 plug-in, developed for a luxury sedan, implements a new multimode hybrid powertrain and activates the operating modes according to the driving conditions. This study investigates the operation of the transmission system of the Cadillac CT6 plug-into understand the design and the control concept of the vehicle. The transmission of the vehicle consists of 11 operating modes, including four electric driving modes and seven hybrid driving modes, whereas 32 operating modes can become available by controlling five clutches with the combination of three planetary gear sets. Methodologies used to analyze the operating modes and the transmission efficiencies are introduced in this study. It has thus become possible to understand that the vehicle selects only the 11 operating modes to realize straightforward shifting performances and switches the modes to achieve increased transmission efficiencies over the entire driving speed range. The study is envisaged to be helpful to engineers who want to develop hybrid powertrains and their controllers by providing systematic processes to analyze the operation and the transmission efficiency. Keywords Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle · Transmission · System efficiency · Powertrain control
1 Introduction Recently, global efforts expended to solve environmental problems have transitioned to CO2 regulations for reducing the emissions of transportation systems [1, 2]. Although individual countries have their own strategic plans, it is true that electric vehicles, such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and battery electric vehicles (BEVs), are considered as promising solutions for these problems because they are able to significantly reduce the use of fuel by utilizing alternative power sources, like electrical machines [3–8]. In this study, a hybrid powertrain, which is already available in the automotive market, is introduced for investigating the transmission system in detail. HEVs simply utilize motors to recuperate the braking energy and to provide propulsion power in the cases where the engine cannot achieve high efficiency * Namwook Kim [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi‑do 15588, South Korea
[3–8]. In addition, PHEVs charge the battery from external power sources and use the energy as well as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) use it for driving [9, 10]. However, the developme
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