Analytic network process (ANP)-based spatial decision support system (SDSS) for sustainable tourism planning in Cameron
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Analytic network process (ANP)-based spatial decision support system (SDSS) for sustainable tourism planning in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia Mansir Aminu 1 & Abdul Nasir Matori 2 & Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof 2 & Amirhossein Malakahmad 2 & Rosilawati Binti Zainol 3
Received: 26 December 2016 / Accepted: 9 June 2017 / Published online: 3 July 2017 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2017
Abstract Sustainable approach to tourism development is rarely addressed among authorities and participants. This research presents an approach based on an integrated use of analytic network process (ANP) and geographic information system (GIS) for sustainable tourism planning in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. ANP was utilized to evaluate the relative priorities for the sustainable tourism development of the highlands based on chosen criteria. ANP results were then transferred into GIS environment and attached to their respective criterion maps. Subsequently, GIS-based sustainable tourism map was generated, which defines the various types of tourism activities that are compatible with the highlands according to the sensitivity of the highland’s environment. The final output was validated using Cameron Highlands Local Plan.
Keywords Sustainable tourism planning . Analytic network process (ANP) . Geographic information system (GIS) . One-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity analysis . Nature conservation
* Mansir Aminu [email protected]
1
National Space Research and Development Agency, Obasanjo Space Center, Pyakasa Junction, Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
2
Civil Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
3
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Introduction Tourism—a sector which has continuously recognized the natural environment as an important attraction of many destinations—is also one that can be utilized as a significant resource product (Farrell and Runyan 1991). Nevertheless, the sector is associated with pollution, indigenous culture loss, deforestation, habitat and biodiversity loss—some of the negative impacts which have caused an enduring damage to pristine environments. Tourism is the main environmental burden in some of its destinations (Tubb 2003). Indeed, this pressure destroys the natural values of the protected areas thus leading to lower amenity value for visitors. The development of tourism facilities such as accommodation, infrastructure, and recreational facilities have led to soil erosion (Sunlu 2003), thus resulting in water pollution (EEA 2000). Furthermore, tourism-related activities such as urbanization, agricultural activities, and insufficient waste water treatment have caused pollution of surface and ground water at tourism destinations. This has negatively affected the quality of freshwater resources (Kotios et al. 2009). According to European Environmental Agency (EEA), 7% of all pollution in the Mediterranean basin is contributed by tourism (EEA 2000). Continued growth
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