Analyzing adaptation strategies to climate change followed by the farming community of the Indian Sunderbans using Analy
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Analyzing adaptation strategies to climate change followed by the farming community of the Indian Sunderbans using Analytical Hierarchy Process Suchandra Dutta 1 & Sanjit Maiti 1 & Sanchita Garai 1 & Fatheen Abrar 1 & Sujeet Kumar Jha 1 & Mukesh Bhakat 1 & Subhasis Mandal 2 & K. S. Kadian 1 Received: 1 January 2019 / Revised: 21 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Climate change has been recognized, globally, as the most pressing critical issue affecting, adversely, survival of the mankind in the twenty-first century. The continuous rise of the sea-level due to global warming is likely to have a devastating impact on the Sundarbans, a ‘World Heritage Site’, deltaic complex, albeit highly prone to extreme and/or adverse climatic events including disasters. Accordingly, keeping in view this issue, the present study was designed to understand the multi-criterion decisionmaking ability vis-à-vis adoption of different adaptation strategies among the farming community of the Indian Sundarbans. A total of 120 farmers, who were growing crops, rearing livestock, apart from being involved in fisheries, simultaneously, were selected from 5 blocks of the Indian Sundarbans. The study revealed 19 adaptation strategies followed by the farmers of the said locality. Further, to trace the best adaptation strategy, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used. Based on the intensity of importance of one adaptation strategy over another, the most substantial one was found to be “Practicing of Integrated Farming System”. Keywords Climate change . Indian Sundarbans . Adaptation strategies . Farming community . Analytical Hierarchy Process
Introduction Climate change refers to a diversion from normal weather conditions of an area over time, whether due to natural process or as a result of anthropogenic activities, resulting in the distortion of an environment (Nwosu 2012). The Sundarbans, world’s largest delta across the rivers Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna, is located in the West Bengal state of India and the neighbouring country of Bangladesh. The Sundarbans falls under the Complex-Diverse- Risk Prone (CDR) agroecosystem (Mahadevia and Vikas 2012). The climate of the coastal region of West Bengal is classified as hot and humid, with three distinct seasons, viz. winter, summer, and monsoon (Ambast et al. 1998). Chand et al. (2012a, b) reported that the
* Sanjit Maiti [email protected] 1
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
2
ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Canning Town - 743329, West Bengal, India
climate of the Sundarbans is changing fast and the changes observed during the last two and a half decades (1976–2010) also revealed the increasingly erratic nature of weather, faster rising trends of average daily minimum temperature (Fig. 1), changes in salinity regimes, depressions including rainfall (Fig. 2), increasing cyclonic storms (Fig. 3), sea-level rise, and erosion. Climate change studies of the Sundarba
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