Analyzing Computer System Performance with Perl::PDQ

To solve performance problems in modern computing infrastructures, often comprising thousands of servers running hundreds of applications, spanning multiple tiers, you need tools that go beyond mere reporting. You need tools that enable performance analys

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Neil J. Gunther

Analyzing Computer System Performance with Perl::PDQ Second Edition

Neil J. Gunther Performance Dynamics Company 4061 East Castro Valley Boulevard Castro Valley, CA 94552 USA http://www.perfdynamics.com/

ISBN 978-3-642-22582-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-22583-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-22583-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011934511 ACM Codes: C.0, C.2.4, C.4, D.2.5, D.2.8, D.4.8, K.6.2

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005, 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: KünkelLopka Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

This book is dedicated to the memory of my father

Walter August Gunther, MIEAust, CPEng October 23, 1908 – November 16, 2010

Preface to Second Edition

What’s New? It seems fitting that this new edition appears as we pass the centenary of the original paper by Erlang [1909], where he first introduced the concept of a queue. This edition incorporates a considerable number of new features compiled since the publication of the first edition in 2005. New Chapters and Partitioning The amount of additional material means the book now comprises four parts instead of three. In particular, Part I contains new chapters that present a more complete discussion of the underlying concepts used throughout this book. Improved Perl Formatting All listings have a highlighted format to aid readability of PDQ codes. Listing 1. Example of the new PDQ code format #! /usr/bin/perl use pdq; pdq::Init("Example"); pdq::CreateNode($NodeName, $pdq::CEN, $pdq::FCFS); pdq::CreateOpen($WorkName, $ArrivalRate); pdq::SetDemand($NodeName, $WorkName, $ServiceDemand); pdq::Solve($pdq::CANON); pdq::Report();

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Preface to Second Edition

Virtualization A new Chapter 13: Virtual Machine Analysis with PDQ, in Part III, presents queueing models of fair-share scheduling that underpins all modern virtual machine implementations from hyperthreading to cloud computing.

PDQ on SourceForge All PDQ development is now gated through SourceForge sourceforge.net/ projects/pdq-qnm-pkg/ under the title Pretty Damn Quick Queueing Model Package. PDQ can also be downloaded from the author’s distribution page at w