Analyzing size effects in a cracked orthotropic layer under antiplane shear loading
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O R I G I NA L
R. P. Joseph · Chunwei Zhang · B. L. Wang · B. Samali · K. L. Goh · J. Purbolaksono
Analyzing size effects in a cracked orthotropic layer under antiplane shear loading
Received: 17 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Scale-dependent stress intensity factors in an anti-plane cracked orthotropic material layer are evaluated using strain gradient theory. Both volumetric and surface strain gradient material characteristic lengths represented as l and l , respectively, are employed to obtain semi-analytical solutions. The surface strain gra dient effect is considered for both positive and negative l values. The layer edges are assumed stress-free and oriented parallel to the crack plane. The presence of orthotropy can either increase or decrease the stress intensity factors depending on if it is greater or smaller than unity. The volumetric strain gradient effect reduces the stress intensity factor and it is more pronounced for smaller layer thickness. It was found that the negative surface gradient leads to a more complaint crack, while the positive surface gradient increases crack stiffness. Overall, the surface gradient effect is less significant in comparison with the volumetric gradient effect. Keywords Scale-dependent stress intensity factors · Strain gradient theory · Material characteristic lengths · Dual integral equations
1 Introduction The application of composite materials in the current industrial era is unquestionable. Composite materials in general and orthotropic composite materials, in particular, are found in nature (e.g., bones and wood) as well as in industry (fiber-reinforced composites). Commercial applications of orthotropic composite materials are mostly observed in defense and civil industries due to their high stiffness to weight ratio. In many composite structures, the initiation and propagation of a crack is the most common reason for their fracture. The fracture analysis of the isotropic, as well as the anisotropic materials at the macro scale, is widely reported in the past few decades. However, due to the continual advancements in the miniaturization of devices over the years, the size of various structural components is significantly reduced. When the size of the structure is reduced to the R. P. Joseph (B) · C. Zhang School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, People’s Republic of China E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] R. P. Joseph · B. L. Wang · B. Samali Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia K. L. Goh Newcastle University in Singapore, 172A Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8#05-01, Singapore 609607, Singapore J. Purbolaksono Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universita Pertamina, Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief, RT.7/RW.8, Simprug, Kec. Kby. Lama, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
R. P. Joseph et al.
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