Anatomy and external landmarks of the superficial temporal artery using 3-dimensional computed tomography
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ANATOMIC BASES OF MEDICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
Anatomy and external landmarks of the superficial temporal artery using 3‑dimensional computed tomography Hardy Jean‑Philippe1 · Bihin Benoît2 · Kayser Françoise1 · Dupont Michael1 Received: 12 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomical variability of the superficial temporal artery (STA) and to provide an easy visual landmark to find the STA and its branches to facilitate its surgical access. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 57 patients who underwent a head and neck computed tomography with contrast injection. A visual landmark running from the tragus to the corner of the eye was used: the “eye-tragus-line” (ETL). On the ETL, the distance between the tragus and the STA was measured. The length of the STA main branch, its parietal and frontal branch and the angle of the STA and its branches with the ETL were measured. The division of the STA was studied as above/at the same level/below the zygomatic arch (ZA) and the ETL. Results The STA division was located above the ZA in 61.54% of cases, at the same level in 26.92% of cases and below in 11.54% of cases. Regarding the ETL, 93.27% of the STA divisions were located above the ETL, 5.77% at the same level and 0.96% below. On the ETL, the STA was located 15.55 ± 4.5 mm in front of the tragus. Conclusion This study allowed to define an easy visual landmark: the ETL running from the tragus to the corner of the eye. The STA main branch was located 15.55 ± 4.5 mm of front of the tragus on the ETL. The STA division was nearly always located above the ETL (99.04%). Furthermore, this study provides a statistical representation of the anatomy of the STA and its branches. Keywords Anatomy · Temporal arteries · Anatomic landmarks · External landmark
Introduction The superficial temporal artery (STA) is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery arising behind the mandibular branch within the parotid gland and then crossing the zygomatic arch (ZA). The STA usually divides into two branches supplying a large area of the scalp and forehead skin: an anterior frontal branch and a posterior parietal branch [2, 11, 15]. Anatomical variations exists, consisting mainly in supplementary branches [11]. The localization of the STA is crucial for the planning of surgical procedures such as temporoparietal fascia flap where blood supply is provided by the STA. Temporoparietal * Hardy Jean‑Philippe [email protected] 1
Department of Radiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
Department of Statistic, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
2
fascia locoregional flap is used in various indications in head and neck reconstructions such as reconstructive surgery of the ear and the orbit [1, 3, 9, 16]. It can also be used as a free flap to prevent or treat fistulas by covering defects, for example in onc
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