Andean potato diversity conserved in the International Potato Center genebank helps develop agriculture in Uganda: the e
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Andean potato diversity conserved in the International Potato Center genebank helps develop agriculture in Uganda: the example of the variety ‘Victoria’ Vivian Bernal-Galeano 1 & George Norton 1 & David Ellis 2 & Noelle L. Anglin 2 & Guy Hareau 2 & Melinda Smale 3 Nelissa Jamora 4 & Jeffrey Alwang 1 & Willy Pradel 2
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Received: 4 February 2020 / Accepted: 22 April 2020 # International Society for Plant Pathology and Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The International Potato Center (CIP) genebank conserves and facilitates access to highly diverse germplasm of potato, sweetpotato, and Andean roots and tubers as a global public good for food security. While it is generally understood that material from the CIP genebank has played an important role in the release of many CIP-related varieties grown by smallholder farmers in lower-income countries, the contribution has not been evaluated in quantitative terms. By applying the relative contribution of provenance based on pedigree data, we apportion the CIP genebank contribution of two released potato varieties: Pallay Poncho and Victoria. The estimated contribution of the CIP genebank to Pallay Poncho and Victoria is 35% and 72%, respectively. We then used an economic surplus approach to measure Victoria’s benefits in Uganda by attributing and valuing productivity gains. The gross benefit of Victoria in Uganda is estimated at USD $1.04 billion (2016 value), which exceeds the annual operating cost of the entire genebank over its lifetime. Seventy-two percent of the economic benefits corresponding to germplasm of Victoria are due to the CIP genebank contribution. Our findings demonstrate the magnitude of economic benefits generated by the use of conserved germplasm provided by the CIP genebank in crop improvement, which is only one of the several components of its total economic value. These results show that the availability of diverse germplasm is perhaps one of the most important elements in varietal development. Keywords Genebank . Genetic resources . Genetic diversity . Improved potato adoption . Economic benefits
1 Introduction One of the most important and consumed crops around the world is potato (Solanum tuberosum and other Solanum spp.). Potato is a major crop for food security due to its high nutritional value (FAO 2008). It is the fourth most important food crop with respect to the gross value of production and the fifth
* Melinda Smale [email protected] * Nelissa Jamora [email protected] 1
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
2
International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
3
Michigan State University, East Lansing, VA, USA
4
Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust), Bonn, Germany
most relevant food crop for low-income, food-deficit countries (FAO 2019). Potatoes have played a major role in human history. The tuber was a protagonist of one of the most renowned and massive human migrations caused by the Irish potato famine in 1845, where mass starvation in Ireland resulted from the almost complete dependence of a poor population o
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