Angiogenic Exosome-Derived microRNAs: Emerging Roles in Cardiovascular Disease
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REVIEW
Angiogenic Exosome-Derived microRNAs: Emerging Roles in Cardiovascular Disease Tian-Rong Zhang 1 & Wei-Qiang Huang 1 Received: 3 September 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Angiogenesis is the process of growing endothelial capillary cells. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are rich in miRNAs. Studies have shown that exosomes can carry communication between cells and various tissues by delivering miRNAs to their target organs and cells. It has been repeatedly proven that miRNAs regulate the expression of growth factors and other proteins in endothelial cells through paracrine signalling and participate in the physiological and pathological processes of angiogenesis. In the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, exosome-derived microRNAs can play important roles as biomarkers and drug carriers. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of miRNAs and exosomes and their interactions. Then, we specifically summarize the exosome-derived miRNAs related to angiogenesis, and we discuss the potential uses of exosome-derived miRNAs for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Keywords Exosomes . microRNAs . Cardiovascular diseases . Angiogenesis . Endothelial cells . Biomarkers . Therapeutic targets
In the early twentieth century, cardiovascular disease (CVD) became the leading cause of death in developed countries. Although advances in medicine have greatly reduced the mortality of patients, CVD is still the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, further understanding is needed to help discover the molecular mechanisms of CVD pathogenesis and apply them to prevention and treatment. Angiogenesis is closely related to many CVDs. Regarding ischaemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebral infarction, angiogenesis is a necessary step in vascular remodelling, and the treatment of angiogenesis through exogenous routes brings new hope for ischaemic disease. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are
Associate Editor Junjie Xiao oversaw the review of this article * Wei-Qiang Huang [email protected] 1
Department of Geriatric Cardiology & Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
important vascular barriers, and new blood vessels are formed through a highly coordinated blood vessel germination process [1]. Therefore, it is important to understand endothelial cell biology, the angiogenesis process and the molecular mechanisms involved. microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded noncoding RNAs composed of approximately 22 nucleotides and regulate protein expression at the transcriptional level. For example, miRNAs can regulate the expression of angiogenesis-related factors, regul
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