Answer Set Programming
Answer set programming (ASP) is a programming methodology oriented towards combinatorial search problems. In such a problem, the goal is to find a solution among a large but finite number of possibilities. The idea of ASP came from research on artif
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Answer Set Programming
Answer Set Programming
Vladimir Lifschitz
Answer Set Programming
123
Vladimir Lifschitz Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA
ISBN 978-3-030-24657-0 ISBN 978-3-030-24658-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24658-7 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To the community of computer scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers who invented answer set programming and are working hard to make it better “What constitutes the dignity of a craft is that it creates a fellowship, that it binds men together and fashions for them a common language.” – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
Preface
Answer set programming is a programming methodology rooted in research on artificial intelligence and computational logic. It was created at the turn of the century, and it is now used in many areas of science and technology. This book is about the art of programming for CLINGO—one of the most efficient and widely used answer set programming systems available today—and about the mathematics of answer set programming. It is based on an undergraduate class taught at the University of Texas at Austin. The book is self-contained; the only prerequisite is some familiarity with programming and discrete mathematics. Chapter 1 describes the main ideas of answer set programming and its place in the world of programming languages. Chapter 2 explains, in an informal way, several constructs available in the input language of CLINGO. Chapter 3 shows how they can be used to solve a number of computational problems. Chapters 4– 6 put the discussion of answer set programming on a firm mathematical foundation. (
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